Legalize Gambling Essays - Gambling, Casino, Economics Of Gambling

Authorize Gambling Regardless of whether to authorize betting is an extreme choice. The advantages and disadvantages of the inquiry are practically equivalent, and keeping in mind that some state it will help economy others state it can pulverize it. Nobody contends that betting is a major, beneficial business, they just inquiry whether it is a business doing great, or the inverse. Contentions the two different ways are exceptionally convincing and the two sides have numerous models that exhibit their point. Be that as it may, on the off chance that I were in the situation of choosing if betting ought to turn out to be completely lawful in my nation I would favor betting. In numerous zones of the world betting has demonstrated a monetary achievement. The development in employments, income and government cash is too huge to even think about ignoring. In spite of the fact that pundits bring up territories that have not developed since betting begun, this is fundamentally a direct result of awful arrangements with the legislature or the network and not on account of betting itself. In the event that we take a gander at betting as a bet and be cautious we can maintain a strategic distance from numerous errors that have just been made. Rivals additionally tout the frightful good principles which betting as far as anyone knows empowers. While this might be valid, that doesn't give individuals the option to prevent others from betting. Many see pre-marriage sex and homosexuality as ethically off-base, however that doesn't give them the option to stop the conduct. On the off chance that they think that its off-base, at that point they decide not to take an in terest in the training. Thus, individuals can decide not to bet however they can't remove that directly from individuals who do. The monetary development in urban areas that help betting has been astou! nding. Billions of dollars daily come in through the gambling clubs, and a portion of this cash is then given to the administration helping the economy significantly more. With the club additionally comes an immense measure of employments. Development, the board, and numerous different occupations inside the gambling club help nearby economy significantly more. Not just the club profits by the deluge of more voyagers yet numerous different organizations will flourish, as well. Lodgings, cafés, and others offering administrations will unavoidably be supported by the betting industry. A few people dread that other, unlawful organizations will flourish due to the deluge of cash notwithstanding the authentic ones. This might be valid on the off chance that we kept a similar measure of law requirement, anyway this won't be the situation. With the extra income made by the club themselves the nearby specialists would now be able to stand to keep more police officers and beguiles in the cit y and examining the betting organizations. Debasement will be successfully kept within proper limits and outrage hel! d down. The shadowy foundation of betting will gradually vanish as residents understand that it is a genuine business. In numerous regions of the United States betting is as of now rehearsed with lottery and others of a similar kind. The securities exchange is likewise a type of betting that nobody protests about. The botched chance that not going with betting is too enormous to possibly be disregarded and along these lines the best decision is foundation betting. Monetary gains by betting are not by any means the only thought in this decision, one needs to recollect that numerous individuals need club close to them. On the off chance that the administration is really of the individuals and for the individuals it must follow the open's desire to present authorized betting.

Sorrow Essay -- Sadness Sorrow

Distress      Whether it is getting an awful evaluation in English class, venturing out from home to go to school, or losing a friend or family member, we as a whole encounter distress. Distress an agony or pain of the psyche brought about by a misfortune or adversity. It is a some portion of life that we as a whole should figure out how to manage. Individuals adapt to distress in various ways. Certain individuals let each disaster that they experience get to them. They flip out on the off chance that they get a C on one of the numerous moment assignments in a class. On the off chance that they get a traffic ticket, they think the world is arriving at the end. Individuals who manage distress like this are not being sensible. Do these individuals accept these minor imperfections in their everyday living will have an actual existence long effect on them? They don't need to be dismal, however they decide to be.      One day I got my subsequent traffic ticket in my first year of driving. As before long as I investigated my back view mirror and saw the official turn on his blazing lights, my heart sank into my stomach. The official asked on the off chance that I knew for what good reason I was being halted. I was speeding and I knew it. The official returned to the vehicle and started to compose the ticket, while I was sitting in my vehicle thinking. From the start I considered how much difficulty I would have been in and how much cash it was going to cost me. I was discouraged. At that point I got to speculation. What's the serious deal? It's only a little traffic ticket. Of course, I may get in inconvenience, yet what difference does it make? It's only a little detail in my life. I can cry and grumble, or I can foc...

Fintech startup wants to grant credit newbies easier access to credit - Inside Subprime 9

Fintech startup wants to grant credit newbies easier access to credit - Inside Subprime 9/27/17 Fintech startup wants to grant credit newbies easier access to credit Fintech startup wants to grant credit newbies easier access to creditInside Subprime: September 27, 2017By Caroline ThompsonIn todays world, you need credit for pretty much everything. From buying a car to applying for an apartment, if your credit score is less than satisfactory, you might just be out of luck. These things can be difficult enough for people with bad credit to sort out, but those with no credit at all are often at an even deeper disadvantage. While you might think that lenders, landlords and banks would be scrambling to snatch up someone with absolutely no debt to their name, the truth is that credit newbies often find it extremely difficult to gain access to credit without the help of a cosigner, or paying upfront for a secure starter credit card.This is because lenders dont like risks. Without a credit report to analyze, theres no way to determine your ability to pay back potential loans, or to figure out whether youll be able to make rent every month. This is a fru strating and often vicious cycle for young people who need credit to further their lives, but cant find anyone willing to give it to them.Petal, a new fintech startup based out of New York, wants to change that. This month, theyre launching a new kind of credit card  for  the underserved  consumer. Instead of using traditional credit scores from the three major credit bureaus to assess a potential borrowers creditworthiness, Petal is using machine learning and  has created a new algorithm that analyzes a borrowers bank account activity.“For New-to-Credit consumers, credit is sideways,”  said Petal  CEO and co-founder Jason Gross in a press release earlier this month. “Credit scores are notoriously unreliable and mischaracterize over 65  million Americans, locking them out of the mainstream credit system. These consumers are disproportionately young, immigrant, minority and lower income  â€" and predatory lenders, like payday lenders, have rushed in to fill the gap.”According to Petals data, credit card ownership among 18-29 year-olds has dropped 60 percent in the past ten years.Petals new cards will be VISA cards, which are accepted at nearly every retailer. Their credit limits range from $500 to $10,000, and card membership comes with no fees and interest rates between 17.99 and 24.99 percent. In order to apply for a Petal card,  you must provide Petal secure, read-only  access to  your bank  statements. Petal will then verify your  income, assess your monthly expenses and spending habits, and decide whether you are, as they call it, an invisible prime candidate. Petal defines invisible prime as consumers with no credit scores, but who have all the economic fundamentals of a prime consumer.“The generation that came of age during the financial crisis continues to be underserved by the banking industry, Gross said. Without new solutions, will be increasingly disadvantaged as a result. Credit access is a critical building block for financial stability and homeownership.”Want to learn more about building credit and how to avoid falling into a predatory lending trap? Check out these related pages and articles from OppLoans:The truth about bad credit loansNo credit check loans: A guide to understanding your optionsGetting a loan with bad credit? Its possible, heres howLoans for bad credit: A shopping listVisit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

The Dna Mismatch Repair System ( Mmr ) Essay - 1606 Words

Introduction In a dazzling display of choreography, proteins of the the DNA mismatch repair system (MMR) come together to fix replication errors, which results in an extraordinarily high degree of genomic fidelity.1-5 It is no wonder, then, that the MMR system has transcended almost all evolutionary stratification and is a highly conserved process across species. The MMR system is chiefly responsible for initiating cellular responses for several types of DNA lesions, including single-base mismatches and small insertion-deletion loops.1 Mounting evidence suggests that MMR may play a role in numerous other processes, including triggering the generation of immune diversity. How this actually happens, however, is still the topic of many investigations.19, 20 MutSÃŽ ±, one of the many components of human MMR, is known to affect all of the aforementioned processes. In instances where epigenetic silencing or mutations of genes that code for the proteins of MutSÃŽ ± occur, DNA mismatches are allowed to persist, which collectively increase the probability that microsatellite instabilities (a mutator phenotype) occur. Microsatellites are known to cause an increased tolerance to DNA methylation, hyperrecombination, and numerous other perturbations on DNA that can eventually lead to cancers and/or defective progeny.3, 11 Considering the importance of MMR to human health, a thorough understanding of the structure, function, and temporal relationships between the many components of MMR isShow MoreRelatedDr Lab Report778 Words   |  4 Pagesresistance to endogenous and exogenous environmental insults to the genetic material. Multiple DNA repair pathways coordinate the response to such genotoxins and protect our genome [1]. Endogenous insults may be generated as a byproduct of cellular metabolism in the form of reactive oxygen species or during physiological processes such as meiotic recombination, mating-type switching in yeasts, V(D)J recombination and DNA replication-transcription collision [2-5]. Exogenous stresses include hypoxia, radiationRead MoreWhat Are Molecular Markers?1613 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are molecular markers? †¢ DNA sequences that show polymorphisms (variations in size or sequence) in the population. They provide information about allelic variation at a given locus. Properties of molecular markers: 1. Polymorphic 2. Frequently distributed along the genome 3. Easily detected 4. Reproducible 5. Most are co-dominant but a few are dominant (RAPD) Common Molecular Markers: †¢ RFLP: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism †¢ AFLP: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism †¢ RAPD:Read MoreMerrill Syndrome : Lynch Syndrome1358 Words   |  6 Pagesgenetic testing. Genetics According to Clancy (2014): During replication of DNA in dividing cells, errors occur in the genetic code. The primary function of the mismatch repair (MMR) system is to correct errors to maintain genomic stability. If there is a germline mutation, then the MMR system fails, leading to a pattern of genomic instability and an increased risk of cancer. Lynch syndrome is a failure of the MMR system, resulting in a gene mutation. An accumulation of genetic damage can leadRead MorePathological Correlation Report- Jack s Case3052 Words   |  13 Pagesfound on chromosome 5q and has the characteristic of the development of various adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum (as seen in the histological images taken from biopsies from Jack’s colon) whilst the latter is due to a germline mutation in DNA mmr genes (Arnold et al., 2005).The APC gene is a tumour suppressor gene that codes for a protein important in the process of signal transduction and cell adhesion and a mutation in this gene is what gives rise to the early onset of FAP (P, 2013). TheRead MoreTraffic Management N Mumbai10672 Words   |  43 Pagessubway, etc, for the approval of the DCP (HQs) and the Jt.C.P, Traffic 3. Attending various meetings in MMRDA, MSRDC, MCGM and other organization in connection with major projects such as Mono rail, Metro Rail, Bandra-Worli Sea link, Bus Rapid Transit System etc. 4. Sending replies for various queries under Right to Information Act, Attending various court matters. 5. Planning and organizing various Road Safety Activities of education wing. 6. Assisting DCP (HQs) during the visit of various VVIP/VIPsRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesRESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563

Profile of Civil War Lt General Ulysses S. Grant

Hiram Ulysses Grant was born April 27, 1822, at Point Pleasant, Ohio. The son of Pennsylvania natives Jesse Grant and Hannah Simpson, he was educated locally as a young man. Electing to pursue a military career, Grant sought admission to West Point in 1839. This quest proved successful when Representative Thomas Hamer offered him an appointment. As part of the process, Hamer erred and officially nominated him as Ulysses S. Grant. Arriving at the academy, Grant elected to retain this new name, but stated that the S was an initial only (it is sometimes listed as Simpson in reference to his mothers maiden name). Since his new initials were U.S., Grants classmates nicknamed Sam in reference to Uncle Sam. The Mexican-American War Though a middling student, Grant proved an exceptional horseman while at West Point. Graduating in 1843, Grant placed 21st in a class of 39. Despite his equestrian skills, he received an assignment to serve as quartermaster of the 4th US Infantry as there were no vacancies in the dragoons. In 1846, Grant was part of Brigadier General Zachary Taylors Army of Occupation in southern Texas. With the outbreak of the Mexican-American War, he saw action at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. Though assigned as a quartermaster, Grant sought out action. After taking part in the Battle of Monterrey, he was transferred to Major General Winfield Scotts army. Landing in March 1847, Grant was present at the Siege of Veracruz and marched inland with Scotts army. Reaching the outskirts of Mexico City, he was brevetted for gallantry for his performance at the Battle of Molino del Rey on September 8. This was followed by a second brevet for his actions during the Battle of Chapultepec when he hoisted a howitzer to a church bell tower to cover the American advance on the San Cosmà © Gate. A student of war, Grant closely watched his superiors during his time in Mexico and learned key lessons that he would apply later. The Interwar Years After a brief postwar stint in Mexico, Grant returned to the United States and married Julia Boggs Dent on August 22, 1848. The couple ultimately had four children. Over the next four years, Grant held peacetime posts on the Great Lakes. In 1852, the he received orders to depart for the West Coast. With Julia pregnant and lacking funds to support a family on the frontier, Grant was forced to leave his wife in the care of her parents in St. Louis, MO. After enduring a harsh journey via Panama, Grant arrived at San Francisco before traveling north to Fort Vancouver. Deeply missing his family and the second child who he had never seen, Grant became discouraged by his prospects. Taking solace in alcohol, he attempted to find ways to supplement his income so that his family could come west. These proved unsuccessful and he began to contemplate resigning. Promoted to captain in April 1854 with orders to move to Fort Humboldt, CA, he instead elected to resign. His departure most likely was accelerated by rumors of his drinking and possible disciplinary action. Returning to Missouri, Grant and his family settled on land belonging to her parents. Dubbing his farm Hardscrabble, it proved financially unsuccessful despite the assistance of a slave provided by Julias father. After several failed business endeavors, Grant moved his family to Galena, IL in 1860 and became an assistant in his fathers tannery, Grant Perkins. Though his father was a prominent Republican in the area, Grant favored Stephen A. Douglas in the 1860 presidential election, but did not vote as he had not lived in Galena long enough to obtain Illinois residency. Early Days of the Civil War Through the winter and spring after Abraham Lincolns election sectional tensions heightened culminating with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. With the beginning of the Civil War, Grant aided in recruiting a company of volunteers and led it to Springfield, IL. Once there, Governor Richard Yates seized on Grants military experience and set him to training newly arriving recruits. Proving highly effective in this role, Grant used his connections to Congressman Elihu B. Washburne to secure a promotion to colonel on June 14. Given command of the unruly 21st Illinois Infantry, he reformed the unit and made it an effective fighting force. On July 31, Grant was appointed a brigadier general of volunteers by Lincoln. This promotion led to Major General John C. Frà ©mont giving him command of the District of Southeast Missouri at the end of August. In November, Grant received orders from Frà ©mont to demonstrate against the Confederate positions at Columbus, KY. Moving down the Mississippi River, he landed 3,114 men on the opposite shore and attacked a Confederate force near Belmont, MO. In the resulting Battle of Belmont, Grant had initial success before Confederate reinforcements pushed him back to his boats. Despite this setback, the engagement greatly boosted Grants confidence and that of his men. Forts Henry and Donelson After several weeks of inaction, a reinforced Grant was ordered to move up the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers against Forts Henry and Donelson by the commander of the Department of Missouri, Major General Henry Halleck. Working with gunboats under Flag Officer Andrew H. Foote, Grant began his advance on February 2, 1862. Realizing that Fort Henry was located on a flood plain and open to naval attack, its commander, Brigadier General Lloyd Tilghman, withdrew most of his garrison to Fort Donelson before Grant arrived and captured the post on the 6th. After occupying Fort Henry, Grant immediately moved against Fort Donelson eleven miles to the east. Situated on high, dry ground, Fort Donelson proved near invulnerable to naval bombardment. After direct assaults failed, Grant invested the fort. On the 15th, Confederate forces under Brigadier General John B. Floyd attempted a breakout but were contained before creating an opening. With no options left, Brigadier General Simon B. Buckner asked Grant for surrender terms. Grants response was simply, No terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted, which earned him the nickname Unconditional Surrender Grant. The Battle of Shiloh With the fall of Fort Donelson, over 12,000 Confederates were captured, nearly a third of  General Albert Sidney Johnstons Confederate forces in the region. As a result, he was forced to order the abandonment of Nashville, as well as a retreat from Columbus, KY. Following the victory, Grant was promoted to major general and began to experience problems with Halleck who had become professionally jealous of his successful subordinate. After surviving attempts to replace him, Grant received orders to push up the Tennessee River. Reaching Pittsburg Landing, he halted to await the arrival of  Major General Don Carlos Buells Army of the Ohio. Seeking to halt the string of reverses in his theater, Johnston and  General P.G.T. Beauregard  planned a massive attack on Grants position. Opening the  Battle of Shiloh  on April 6, they caught Grant by surprise. Though nearly driven into the river, Grant stabilized his lines and held. That evening, one of his division commanders,  Brigadier General William T. Sherman, commented Tough day today, Grant. Grant apparently responded, Yes, but well whip em tomorrow. Reinforced by Buell during the night, Grant launched a massive counterattack the next day and drove the Confederates from the field and sent them retreating to Corinth, MS. The bloodiest encounter to date with the Union suffering 13,047 casualties and the Confederates 10,699, the losses at Shiloh stunned the public. Though Grant came under criticism for being unprepared on April 6 and was falsely accused of being drunk, Lincoln refused to remove him stating, I cant spare this man; he fights. Corinth and Halleck After the victory at Shiloh, Halleck elected to take to the field in person and assembled a large force consisting of Grants Army of the Tennessee,  Major General John Popes Army of the Mississippi, and Buells Army of the Ohio at Pittsburg Landing. Continuing his issues with Grant, Halleck removed him from army command and made him the overall second-in-command with no troops under his direct control. Incensed, Grant contemplated leaving, but was talked into staying by Sherman who was quickly becoming a close friend. Enduring this arrangement through the Corinth and Iuka campaigns of the summer, Grant returned to independent command that October when he was made commander of the Department of the Tennessee and tasked with taking the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg, MS. Taking Vicksburg Given free rein by Halleck, now general-in-chief in Washington, Grant designed a two-prong attack, with Sherman advancing down the river with 32,000 men, while he advanced south along Mississippi Central Railroad with 40,000 men. These movements were to be supported by an advance north from New Orleans by  Major General Nathaniel Banks. Establishing a supply base at Holly Springs, MS, Grant pressed south to Oxford, hoping to engage Confederate forces under  Major  General Earl Van Dorn  near Grenada. In December 1862, Van Dorn, badly outnumbered, launched a large cavalry raid around Grants army and destroyed the supply base at Holly Springs, halting the Union advance. Shermans situation was no better. Moving down the river with relative ease, he arrived just north of Vicksburg on Christmas Eve. After sailing up the Yazoo River, he disembarked his troops and began moving through the swamps and bayous toward the town before being badly defeated at  Chickasaw Bayou  on the 2 9th. Lacking support from Grant, Sherman opted to withdrawal. After Shermans men were drawn off to  attack Arkansas Post  in early January, Grant moved to the river to command his entire army in person. Based just north of Vicksburg on the west bank, Grant spent the winter of 1863 seeking a way to bypass Vicksburg with no success. He finally devised a bold plan for capturing the Confederate fortress. Grant proposed to move down the west bank of the Mississippi, then cut loose from his supply lines by crossing the river and attacking the city from the south and east. This risky move was to be supported by gunboats commanded by  Rear Admiral David D. Porter, which would run downstream past the Vicksburg batteries prior to Grant crossing the river. On the nights of April 16 and 22, Porter two groups of ships past the town. With a naval force established below the town, Grant began his march south. On April 30, Grants army crossed the river at Bruinsburg and moved northeast to cut the rail lines to Vicksburg before turning on the town itself. Turning Point in the West Conducting a brilliant campaign, Grant swiftly drove back Confederate forces on his front and captured Jackson, MS on May 14. Turning west towards Vicksburg, his troops repeatedly defeated  Lieutenant General John Pembertons forces and drove them back into the citys defense. Arriving at Vicksburg and wishing to avoid a siege, Grant launched assaults against the city on May 19 and 22 taking heavy losses in the process.  Settling into a siege, his army was reinforced and tightened the noose on Pembertons garrison. Waiting out the enemy, Grant forced a starving Pemberton to surrender Vicksburg and his 29,495-man garrison on July 4. The victory gave Union forces control of the entire Mississippi and was the turning point of the war in the West. Victory at Chattanooga In the wake of  Major General William Rosecranss defeat at  Chickamauga  in September 1863, Grant was given command of the Military Division of the Mississippi and control of all Union armies in the West. Moving to Chattanooga, he reopened a supply line to Rosecrans beleaguered Army of the Cumberland and replaced the defeated general with  Major General George H. Thomas. In an effort to turn the tables on  General Braxton Braggs Army of Tennessee, Grant captured Lookout Mountain on November 24 before directing his combined forces to a stunning victory at the  Battle of Chattanooga  the next day. In the fighting, Union troops drove the Confederates off Missionary Ridge and sent them reeling south. Coming East In March 1864, Lincoln promoted Grant to lieutenant general and gave him command of all Union armies. Grant elected to turn over operational control of the western armies to Sherman and shifted his headquarters east to travel with  Major General George G. Meades Army of the Potomac. Leaving Sherman with orders to press the Confederate Army of Tennessee and take Atlanta, Grant sought to engage  General Robert E. Lee  in a decisive battle to destroy the Army of Northern Virginia. In Grants mind, this was the key to ending the war, with the capture of Richmond of secondary importance. These initiatives were to be supported by smaller campaigns in the Shenandoah Valley, southern Alabama, and western Virginia. The Overland Campaign In early May 1864, Grant began marching south with 101,000 men. Lee, whose army numbered 60,000, moved to intercept and met Grant in a dense forest known as the  Wilderness. While Union attacks initially drove the Confederates back, they were blunted and forced back by the late arrival of  Lieutenant General James Longstreets corps. After three days of fighting, the battle turned into a stalemate with Grant having lost 18,400 men and Lee 11,400. While Grants army had suffered more casualties, they comprised a lesser proportion of his army than Lees. As the Grants goal was to destroy Lees army, this was an acceptable outcome. Unlike his predecessors in the East, Grant continued to press south after the bloody fight and the armies quickly met again at the  Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. After two weeks of fighting, another stalemate ensued. As before Union casualties were higher, but Grant understood that each battle cost Lee casualties that the Confederates could not replace. Again pushing south, Grant was unwilling to attack Lees strong position at  North Anna  and moved around the Confederate right. Meeting Lee at the  Battle of Cold Harbor  on May 31, Grant launched a series of bloody attacks against the Confederate fortifications three days later. The defeat would haunt Grant for years and he later wrote, I have always regretted that the last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made...no advantage whatever was gained to compensate for the heavy loss we sustained. Siege of Petersburg After pausing for nine days, Grant stole a march on Lee and raced south across the James River to capture Petersburg. A key rail center, the capture of the city would cut off supplies to Lee and Richmond. Initially blocked from the city by troops under Beauregard, Grant assaulted the Confederate lines between June 15 and 18 to no avail. As both armies arrived in full, a long series of trenches and fortifications were constructed that presaged the Western Front of  World War I. An attempt to break the deadlock occurred on July 30 when Union troops assaulted after the  detonation of a mine, but the attack failed.  Settling into a siege, Grant kept pushing his troops further south and east in an effort to cut the railroads into the city and stretch out Lees smaller army. As the situation at Petersburg became drawn out, Grant was criticized in the media for failing to achieve a decisive result and for being a butcher due to the heavy losses taken during the Overland Campaign. This was intensified when a small Confederate force under  Lieutenant General Jubal A. Early  threatened Washington, DC on July 12. Earlys actions necessitated Grant sending troops back north to deal with the danger. Eventually led by  Major General Philip H. Sheridan, the Union forces effectively destroyed Earlys command in a series of battles in the Shenandoah Valley later that year. While the situation at Petersburg remained stagnant, Grants broader strategy began to bear fruit as Sherman captured Atlanta in September. As the siege continued through the winter and into the spring, Grant continued to receive positive reports as Union troops had success on other fronts. These and a deteriorating situation at Petersburg led Lee to assault Grants lines on March 25. Though his troops had initial success, they were driven back by Union counterattacks. Seeking to exploit the victory, Grant pushed a large force west to capture the critical crossroads of Five Forks and threaten the Southside Railroad. At the  Battle of Five Forks  on April 1, Sheridan took the objective. This defeat placed Lees position at Petersburg, as well as Richmond, in jeopardy. Informing President Jefferson Davis that both would need to be evacuated, Lee came under heavy attack from Grant on April 2. These assauls drove the Confederates from the city and sent them retreating west. Appomattox After occupying Petersburg, Grant began chasing Lee across Virginia with Sheridans men in the lead. Moving west and harried by Union cavalry, Lee hoped to re-supply his army before heading south to link up with forces under  General Joseph Johnston  in North Carolina. On April 6, Sheridan was able to cut off approximately 8,000 Confederates under  Lieutenant General Richard Ewell  at  Saylers Creek. After some fighting the Confederates, including eight generals, surrendered. Lee, with fewer than 30,000 hungry men, hoped to reach supply trains that were waiting at Appomattox Station. This plan was dashed when Union cavalry under  Major General George A. Custer  arrived in the town and burned the trains. Lee next set his sights on reaching Lynchburg. On the morning of April 9, Lee ordered his men to break through the Union lines that blocked their path. They attacked but were stopped. Now surrounded on three sides, Lee accepted the inevitable stating, Then there is nothing left for me to do but to go and see General Grant, and I would rather die a thousand deaths. Later that day,  Grant met with Lee at the McLean House  in Appomattox Court House to discuss surrender terms. Grant, who had been suffering a bad headache, arrived late, wearing a worn privates uniform with only his shoulder straps denoting his rank. Overcome by the emotion of the meeting, Grant had difficulty getting to the point, but soon laid out generous terms which Lee accepted. Postwar Actions With the defeat of the Confederacy, Grant was required to immediately dispatch troops under Sheridan to Texas to serve as a deterrent to the French who had recently installed Maximilian as Emperor of Mexico. To assist the Mexicans, he also told Sheridan to aid the deposed Benito Juarez if possible. To this end, 60,000 rifles were provided to the Mexicans. The following year, Grant was required to close the Canadian border to prevent the Fenian Brotherhood from attacking Canada. In gratitude for his services during the war, Congress promoted Grant to the newly created rank of General of the Army on July 25, 1866. As general-in-chief, Grant oversaw the US Army role during the early years of Reconstruction in the South. Dividing the South into five military districts, he believed that a military occupation was necessary and the Freedmans Bureau was needed. Though he worked closely with President Andrew Johnson, Grants personal feelings were more in line with the Radical Republicans in Congress. Grant became increasing popular with this group when he refused to aid Johnson in deposing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. U.S. President As a result of this relationship, Grant was nominated for president on the 1868 Republican ticket. Facing no significant opposition for the nomination, he easily defeated former New York Governor Horatio Seymour in the general election. At age 46, Grant was the youngest US president to date. Taking office, his two terms were dominated by Reconstruction and mending the wounds of the Civil War. Deeply interested in promoting the rights of former slaves, he secured passage of the 15th Amendment and signed laws promoting voting rights as well as the Civil Rights Act of 1875. During his first term the economy was booming and corruption became rampant. As a result, his administration became plagued by a variety of scandals. Despite these issues, he remained popular with the public and was re-elected in 1872. Economic growth came to an abrupt halt with the Panic of 1873 which keyed a five-year depression. Responding slowly to the panic, he later vetoed an inflation bill which would have released additional currency into the economy. As his time in office neared an end, his reputation was damaged by the Whiskey Ring scandal. Though Grant was not directly involved, his private secretary was and it became emblematic of Republican corruption. Leaving office in 1877, he spent two years touring the world with his wife. Warmly received at each stop, he aided in mediating a dispute between China and Japan. Later Life Returning home, Grant soon faced a severe financial crisis. Having been forced to cede his military pension to serve as president, he was soon swindled in 1884 by Ferdinand Ward, his Wall Street investor. Effectively bankrupted, Grant was forced to repay one of his creditors with his Civil War mementos. Grants situation soon worsened when he learned he was suffering from throat cancer. An avid cigar smoker since Fort Donelson, Grant had at times consumed 18-20 a day. In an effort generate revenue, Grant wrote a series of books and articles which were warmly received and aided in improving his reputation. Further support came from Congress which restored his military pension. In an effort to aid Grant, noted author Mark Twain offered him a generous contract for his memoirs. Settling at Mount McGregor, NY, Grant completed the work only days before his death on July 23, 1885.  Memoirs  proved both a critical and commercial success and provided the family with much-needed security. After lying in state, Grants body was transported south to New York City where it was placed in a temporary mausoleum in Riverside Park. His pallbearers included Sherman, Sheridan, Buckner, and Joseph Johnston. On April 17, Grants body was moved a short distance to the newly constructed Grants Tomb. He was joined by Julia following her death in 1902. Sources White House: Ulysses S. GrantCivil War: Ulysses S. GrantLibrary of Congress: Ulysses Grant

Essay on Blabla - 605 Words

Away In Airdrie Summary †Away in Airdrie† Is a short story by James Kelman. It ´s situated in Scotland and deals with football. In the story we meet three characters. Danny, Uncle Archie, and Betty, Danny’s mother. In this short story, Danny is the narrator and we are reading the story from his point of view. Danny is going to Airdrie along with his uncle Archie to watch Glasgow Rangers play at Broomfield Park. Danny is ashamed of uncle Archie, who is an alcoholic football fan. Even though he is irresponsible he is also really generous to Danny. The point of no return is where Danny accepts to go to the cafà © by himself, meanwhile Uncle Archie decides to go drink some beers with his fellows at a pub. Archie forgets about Danny and†¦show more content†¦3. Describe the conflict of the story. How is the conflict solves? - The conflict in the story starts the moment Uncle Archie decides to give nephew Danny tips to buy cup of chocolate at a cafà ©, in the mean time Archie goes to a pub to get some beers. Archie drinks, beer after beer and forgets all about time and Danny. Danny waits outside the pub and hopes that Archie will come out, but it never happens, that’s when Danny finally decides to head home. Danny successfully get ´s on the right train, sadly it crashed. That ´s the conflict and the way it got solved. Obviously this conflict isn’t solved in the way it should be, uncle Archie should definitely have had more self-control. What Danny did was really mature, but maybe he should have had tried calling his mom. 4. Is there a message in the story? - The message in the story is to always think of family above everything else, nothing should come between a family and definitely not alcoholics. 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Ethical Analysis of Decision Making Process †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Analysis of Decision Making Process. Answer: Ethical Dilemma: Harry is working as a network programmer in the company named as Fabio Inc. He was working on developing security program to provide proactive security to the company assets. He developed a solution which can save the company resources from external attacks. He presented his security program to the IT security head and describes him the key features of the software (Kohn, 2013). He told the security head that the software is capable of presenting graphical user interface, it can develop graphics for every activity performed, and resources can be rescued from potential cyber-attack. The new program is having the capability to differentiate between new and old viruses. The security head denies the advantage of the developed program. He says that the program developed by him is the dangerous program and can have a negative impact on the organization infrastructure. The analysis of the security head, demotivated harry for his good work. Harry decided to present his idea on the internet w ith the new name named as Lock Smith. On analysing the situation, Jill made Harry out of work from the organization with the permission of the IT head. Later on, the owner of the company asked the IT head to bring the expertise of Lock Smith back to the organization. In the current situation, the demotivation in the employee compels him to do wrong deeds which are against the laws of the company. The employees should be rewarded for their good deeds which creates the feeling of oneness in the employees. The appreciation and reward should be presented for giving their best in the benefit of the organization. The false review can creates negativity in the working employees (Owens, 2010). It can be predicted from the case study that if the employees will not provide with the valuable incentives for their hard work, the company can face the loss of expertise which works well for improving the profitability of the organization. The decision making plays an important role in developing an ethical environment for the organization. The ethical action is composed of four psychological processes which are categorised as sensitivity in the recognition of good work and bad work, decision and judgement should follow moral values, judgement should provide motivation to the employees, and lastly the decision maker should follow the moral character in taking appropriate decision in betterment of the employees and the organization (Bazerman, 2013). The project leader or head should follow the ethical behaviour to provide valuable recognition to the good work of the employee which helps in keeping the employees motivated towards the common goal of the organization. In the given case study, the ethical issues associated with the employees of the organization are depicted in the table below: Name Role Ethical Issues Harry Network programmer He should not work against the laws of the company. Jill IT security Head Before the judging the work of the Harry, she should have tested the program developed by him to give the correct judgement. The wrong judgement creates the negative feeling in Harry. Brockley IT executive Head Without any proof, he should not trust Jill. The decision should not be provided on the decision taken by other. Iris Project Owner The action should be taken against the high official also for taking wrong judgement Ethical Analysis in four steps with the use of decision of decision making process: Facts The facts collected from the case study about ethical issues in the organization are giving wrong judgement of the good work of Harry, putting harry out of work, taking negative decision without any proof, demotivation in Harry, and other Ethical Issues: The ethical issues which are associated with the given scenario are: The hard work of the employees get wasted Feeling of demotivation in the working employees The employees can go against the policies of the company The performance of the employees get affected Coordination and cooperation between the employees will be affected Potential Harm: The performance of the other employees can also get affected due to the feeling of demotivation which in turn affects the profitability ratio of the organization (Gilman, 2012). One wrong judgement can affect the dignity of the enterprise. Involvement of stakeholder: There are four members who are involved in the ethical dilemma of the organization who are network programmer, IT security head, IT executive head, and project owner of the company. Isolate the Major Ethical Dilemma: The judgment of the IT security head should be taken by collecting the relevant facts for the developed program to know its correct functioning. The laws of ethics should be followed so that the moral values of the employee will not be affected. The tools of ethics should be followed for rewarding the good work of the network programmer (Yerby, 2013). The corrective action plan should be provided by the head to remove the flaws of the developed software so that it can efficiently use in the infrastructure of the organization. it helps in raising the feeling of motivation in the programmer and remains connected with the working of the organization. Ethical Analysis and Consequentialism: The follow up of the ethical codes in taking judgement will work in the benefit of the company and its employees (Ejimabo, 2015). No one will be negatively affected and it works well for the organization prosperity. The higher authority do not use ethical standards and policies in taking decision then it is going to affect the performance of the employees which in turn affect the growth rate of the company (Kidder, 2014). The subsequent follow up of the ethical standards and policies before giving the judgement on the work done by the employees helps in raising the confidence with the top professionals. The employees will get benefit in terms of incentives and reward of good works. No extra burden of providing incentives will occur on the project owner The best alternative to overcome the ethical dilemma of the company is to follow the ethical standards and policies before giving judgement on the work done by the employees. Comment: The goodwill of the company depends on the efficient and motivated employees which give their best in providing benefit to the organization. Right and duties: The dignity and culture of the employees should be affected The integrity should be followed for taking professional judgement Facts and figures should be accumulated for taking decision The respect of work should be given privilege The judgement should be based on evidences, not on trust. The moral values and professional ethics should be followed The following ethical duties should not be neglected: The respect should be given to the other views, thoughts, opinions, vision, and ideas. The good and healthy relationship should be developed between the employees and top executives The good working conditions should be provided to the employees. No discrimination should be done in the working culture on the basis of religion, caste, region, sex, and others. Categorical Imperative: Jill will be treated with disrespect Harry will be treated with disrespect Follow up of ethical laws and duties Harry The judgement should be based on evidences Yes it will create a feeling of motivation which works well in improving the performance of the employees (Mablin, 2012) No, it will adversely affect the profitability of the organization The ethical principles and standards should be followed for taking decision Discussion: The decision making plays an important role in developing an ethical environment for the organization. It can be predicted from the case study that if the employees will not provide with the valuable incentives for their hard work, the company can face the loss of expertise which works well for improving the profitability of the organization (Mitchell, 2015). Defensive ethical decision: The judgement taken by the top executives should be based on ethical principles and strategies which is associated with the relevant facts and figure collected for the action plan. Steps followed: Values, ethics, and legal requirement should be clearly identified before taking professional judgement The terms and concepts should be defined in relation with integrity and moral ethical sensitivity associated with the action taken (Hanson, 2014). The professional should have a clear specification of the ethical dilemma The strategies should be developed for resolving ethical conflict References: Bazerman, M. (2013).Ethical Breakdown. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2011/04/ethical-breakdowns Ejimabo, N. (2015).The influence of decision making on organization leadership and management activities. Retrieved from https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/the-influence-of-decision-making-in-organizational-leadership-and-management-activities-2169-026X-1000138.php?aid=54660 Gilman, S. (2012).Ethics code and code of conduct as tool for promoting an ethical and professional public service. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/mena/governance/35521418.pdf Hanson, K. (2014).The six ethical dilemma every professional faces. Retrieved from https://www.bentley.edu/sites/www.bentley.edu.centers/files/2014/10/22/Hanson%20VERIZON%20Monograph_2014-10%20Final%20(1).pdf Kidder, E. (2014).Ethical Decision making and behaviour. Retrieved from https://uk.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/39590_Chapter7.pdf Kohn, A. (2013).Why incentive plans cannot work. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/1993/09/why-incentive-plans-cannot-work Mablin, R. (2012).Human Resource management ethics and employment. Retrieved from https://www.hrpa.ca/Documents/Designations/Job-Ready-Program/Human-Resource-Management-Ethics-and-Employment.pdf Mitchell, C. (2015).Rewarding ethical behaviour. Retrieved from https://www.tsphr.com/pdfs/rewarding_ethic_behavior.pdf Owens, J. (2010).Work Ethics for development professional. Retrieved from https://www.manage.gov.in/studymaterial/workethics.pdf Yerby, J. (2013).Legal and ethical issues of employee monitoring. Retrieved from https://www.iiakm.org/ojakm/articles/2013/volume1_2/OJAKM_Volume1_2pp44-55.pdf

Answers to Questions About Tense #3

Answers to Questions About Tense #3 Answers to Questions About Tense #3 Answers to Questions About Tense #3 By Mark Nichol Three questions from readers about mixing tenses, and my responses to their questions, follow. 1. When I read the following quote recently, I wondered whether it’s wrong for all the verbs to be in the past tense: â€Å"Smith said he believed that the company was trying to intimidate employees into not participating in the panel’s efforts.† What do you think? Reporting is generally presented in the past tense, but to continue to form verbs in the past tense may misrepresent the facts. At the time that Smith spoke, he held a belief that he presumably will hold into perpetuity, so the present tense of believe is appropriate here. However, whether the verb after company should be in present tense or past tense depends on whether the alleged intimidation is ongoing. That was not the case in this particular instance, but if that is not clear in the context of the complete article, the reporter should explicitly state whether the intimidation ended. The sentence should read, â€Å"Smith said he believes that the company was trying to intimidate employees into not participating in the panel’s efforts.† 2. Is the following sentence properly constructed?: â€Å"Launching nationwide on September 25, BankWorks is a new service offered by Banking Services, the same company that brought you BankTrack and BankData.† Somehow the variation in verb tenses (launching, is, brought) does not sit quite right with me, but I cannot say if it is wrong. Mixing tenses in sentences is fine, as long as each verb form is consistent with the tense for that piece of information. The service will launch in the future, but it is offered in the present, and the services BankTrack and BankData were established in the past, so the sentence is correct. 3. What are your thoughts are regarding tense usage for reported speech? Consider the following sentences: â€Å"John told me that he was married.† â€Å"John told me that he is married.† Which one should I use if I want to say that John was married at the time he said he was married and he is still married at the time of the reported speech? Write, â€Å"John told me that he is married† if he had a spouse at the time that he spoke to you. Write, â€Å"John told me that he was married† if John is now single. (Mixing of tenses is correct if the context warrants it, but it goes against the grain, and we’re so used to seeing it wrong, especially in nonprofessional writing, that it may seem incorrect.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withAbstract Nouns from AdjectivesWhen to use "an"

Bunker Hill essays

Bunker Hill essays The battle on Breeds Hill, wrongly named the Battle of Bunker Hill, changed the course of the American Revolution. This battle was the first large-scale engagement and also one of the bloodiest battles of the American Revolution. It was held on June 17, 1775 in Charlestown (now part of Boston), Massachusetts. The prior battle to this one would be the at Lexington and Concorde which sort of started it all. This battle took place April 19, 1775. After the battle at Concorde British troops decided to give up and stop fighting and marched back. Meanwhile the Americans continuously made hit and run attacks on the retreating forces. This heightened the heat between the rebels and the British. Later, 5 days before the battle at Breeds Hill, General Thomas Gage would declare martial law. Stating to give pardon to anyone who would lay down their arms and pledge himself to King George. He did this to avoid further uprisings and armed conflict. Unfortunately, this had the opposite effect and upset many of the colonists. Thus, adding to the flame and making the battle almost imminent. On June 16, 1775 the Americans became aware of the British plan to take control of Bunker and Breeds Hills. So the rebels decided to invade the area before the British in a hope to fortify it and be prepared for the Redcoats. Colonel William Prescott and 1,200 men, mostly from Massachusetts, moved in to the peninsula with the mission to fortify Bunker Hill. Two ours upon arriving they realized that they needed to fortify Breeds Hill and fall back on Bunker Hill if necessary. During the night of the sixteenth Colonel Prescott gave them the orders to "Dig, and dig hard." Trying to get the soldiers to fortify Breeds Hill as best as possible. If they learned anything from that night they learned that a Yankee soldier, at this stage of war, was a great digger. The nights work turned out to be tactically genius...

Relationships Between Inequality and Industrialization Research Paper

Relationships Between Inequality and Industrialization - Research Paper Example Weber (72) argues that transformation in modern society has contributed to varied changes; thus, he emphasizes on the work ethic. He asserts that capitalism is nowadays common in society, and this is associated with capitalism in society. Many people in developed nations have become capitalists because of industrialization. Capitalism is associated with issues of inequalities because the rich tend to be richer, whereas the poor remains to be poorer. The industrialists face the problem of inequalities when trying to employ a pre-capitalist workforce. The labourers spend less time in the production process, in the capitalist society, but this displaces many people in the workplace because of the use of machines; thus rendering many of them jobless. The capitalism in the industrialized society arises because of rational decisions for economic advantage. In the proletarians and communism theories of Marx, he reveals that inequalities arise due to different social classes in society (Marx par.1). These classes struggle with their competitors to achieve independent existence. The same phenomenon contributes to the division of labour, which can only be eliminated by the ownership of property and labour itself (Marx par 4). The division of the labour process is common in contemporary society. This arises because of increased industrialization process; thus creating personal powers into material powers. Hence, the issue of communism is essential because the community plays significant roles in the abolition of labour division.

Is global warming due to human actions Can the human race take action Research Paper - 5

Is global warming due to human actions Can the human race take action to stop global warming - Research Paper Example These green house gases include carbon dioxide and ozone, which are in alarming concentration in the air (Weart, 2008). Another category of activities by human beings, which have significant contributions to global warming, is the clearance of fertile land for agricultural practices. Evidently, such uses of the land increase the levels of carbon dioxide emissions. For example, there is evidence that the decay of vegetation or its combustion for whatever reason emits carbon dioxide. Such emissions of carbon dioxide lead to the abnormal increase in temperatures all over the globe (Maslin, 2006). It is notable to note that there are numerous possibilities for the human race to stop global warming. For instance, they can ensure that they find different methods of producing power. The substitute methods of power creation must not produce carbon dioxide. Additionally, individuals need to ensure that they engage in minimal agricultural actions to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. Consequently, they should also establish alternative methods of feeding to reduce the prevalent overdependence on agriculture (Houghton, 2006). Everyone needs to prevent global warming in all ways that he/she can. This is because no deliberate efforts evident in stopping the disaster temperatures would continue to rise and in turn affect the entire livelihood of

Foreign Policy Essay Example for Free

Foreign Policy Essay This paper seeks to analyze and discuss American Foreign Policy in relation to globalization. This paper will include a review of the history behind the issue being debated and its relevance to American foreign policy and will be followed by a summary of the arguments in favor of the American foreign policy and the last will attempt to make on personal opinion or conclusion on the issues discussed. 2. Analysis and Discussion 2. 1. Review of History on American Policy and Globalization It may be stated that the primary historical process that has affected international relation in the recent past is globalization. Globalization is not a new development; it has been progressing for most of human history Globalization is the integration of human activity across geographic space. This covers many areas of human activity including, social and cultural contact, environment, and economics. (University of Arizona, 2007), It is a process and not an event as it continues to take place across time. It is also multidirectional and not smooth as it could progress and retreat as may be seen by the fact that some areas are more affected than others. However, it affects all actors in international relations, but with different consequences. Globalization in the modern era, for purposes of simplicity is divided into several categories as follows: economic, social, cultural, military, and environmental (University of Arizona, 2007) As a result foreign policy which a realm in politics affects and is affected by all these areas. It may also be observed that all five areas are driven by technology. As communications, transportation, and production technologies improve it becomes easier to interact across geographic space. This could be illustrated or observed in the industrial revolution spread a new form of production that has made transportation and communication easier via rail and water transport. This also caused the creation of control of particular resources that are vital for military security such as in the case of coal, iron, and others (University of Arizona, 2007). Global integration has accelerated in fits and starts for the past 150 years with the World Bank having focused on economic integration and which has identified three â€Å"waves† of globalization. The first wave covers the period 1854 to 1914 and is characterized by: (a) industrial revolution and colonialism both economically and militarily thus causing the integration of the global economy that came from the integrated colonial systems under European, the US and Japanese domination and (b) economically integrated world as felt today in terms of capital transfer and movement of persons. University of Arizona, 2007) The period between 1914 to 1945 may be considered an interregnum due to a few world wars and a depression. It must be stated however that the IMF was born on December 27, 1945 to address the 1930’s depression. The IMF was later found to assume more rules in globalization waves after World War II. The second wave therefore is from 1945 – 1973, where the following are observed: (a) economic integration resumes, but under divided conditions; (b) integration of Soviet bloc in a command economy system and of US bloc under the Bretton Woods System; and (c) integration of the Western bloc causing it to become generally market-driven (University of Arizona, 2007). The third wave of globalization is the post 1973 era ,where the following events could be observed: (a) the East-West division which started strongly and only to fade in the mid 1980’s and to fall apart by the 1990’s; (b) material and big changes in production and communications technology and economic integration. The shift towards more global integration may be seen with more states opting to adopt the Western Institutions which may be explained as follows: The mid 1980’s saw the tide turning to the US in the Cold War; and (b) more freedom was made possible as the US block has become very free. This particular wave is characterized also by the emergence of market-driven integration, hence one could see the integration of the global economy spreading further to a much larger part of the world, and thus accelerated after the Cold War ends (University of Arizona, 2007). It is from this wave that the World Trade Organization came into existence on the basis of the conduct of its negations through the so called rounds as the Uruguay Round has commenced in September 1986 and has continued until April 1994. WTO’s current works basically started from these negation and there were subsequent ones and have until today. 2. 2 Summary of arguments in favor of globalization Democracy presupposes free enterprise and free enterprise could only be back bone of globalization hence for US to support globalization it must support democracy not only in its country but also all over the world. Given this theoretical frame, it is not hard to appreciate the consistency of the US in supporting democracy all over the world. Even today many will readily see how the US states are showing its support for democratic nations since this best support US national interests. It could therefore be argued that for the US, democracy is the one national interest that will help to secure all the others. Democratically governed nations would have their governments decided by the right thinking citizens as against the whims and caprices of dictator and this would likely â€Å"secure the peace, deter aggression, expand open markets, promote economic development, protect American citizens, combat international terrorism and crime, uphold human and worker rights, avoid humanitarian crises and refugee flows, improve the global environment, and protect human health. (Washington Post, 2006) . The US support for democracy could be appreciated from the words of Former President Bill Clinton saying: Ultimately, the best strategy to ensure our security and to build a durable peace is to support the advance of democracy elsewhere. Democracies dont attack each other. (Clinton, 1994) It is believed by many that democracy is also good for business since nations that embrace political reforms using democratic principles are more likely to pursue economic reforms that improve the productivity of businesses. This could be evidenced by the fact since the mid-1980s, an increase in levels of foreign direct investment going to emerging market democracies relative to countries that have not undertaken political reforms has been recorded (Childs, 2007). The United States has maintained by its declaration about its support for democracy and human rights through several means although its commitment to human rights is doubted and questioned by human rights organizations (Satter, 2007). As regards to those who oppose globalization, it may be asked: â€Å"If globalization is not promoted or supported, what could be the possible alternative? Could countries isolate themselves? † One could see what happened with North Korea. At the guise to trying to show to the whole world that it cannot be made to submit to stop its nuclear program, it recently made a declaration for its need of help such as oil from the other countries and so the US was willing to lend a hand. The WTO is one of the organizations that would help promote globalization. It has the stated goal of improving the welfare of the peoples of its member countries, in bringing down trade barriers as well as promoting trade negotiations as it main mission is has to do with ensuring smooth and predictable trade flows This main mission is further specified in certain core functions serving and safeguarding five fundamental principles, which are the foundation of the multilateral trading system (Lowenthal, Abraham ,1991), which include (a) overseeing the execution, administration and operation of the covered agreements; (b) providing a forum for negotiations and for settling disputes. (c) reviewing the national trade policies, and to ensure the coherence and transparency of trade policies through surveillance in global economic policy-making (World Economic Outlook, 1994). WTO assists developing, least-developed and low-income countries in transition to adjust to WTO rules and is a center of economic research and analysis and cooperates closely with the IMF and the World Bank under the principles of the trading system which may be considered to promote globalization. Since the WTO also establishes a framework for trade policies but not to define or specify outcomes, it must be concerned with setting the rules of the trade policy games and part of these principles include: First is nondiscrimination which includes two major components the most favored nation (MFN) rule, and the national treatment policy. Although these components are part of the main WTO rules on goods, services, and intellectual property, their precise scope and nature still manifest variability on different e areas. The MFN rule necessitates a WTO member to apply the same conditions on all trade with other WTO members. When one grants someone a special favor to someone and the said country must have to do the same for all other WTO members, too. National treatment on the other hand requires that imported and locally-produced goods must be treated equally, which must start after the foreign goods have entered the market at the minimum (Wold, 1996). Another principle is reciprocity which reflects both a desire to limit the scope of free-riding that may arise because of the MFN rule, and a desire to obtain better access to foreign markets. This must be done as requirement in terms of reciprocal concessions in order to ensure that the gain from doing so (from multilateral liberalization is better r than the gain available from unilateral liberalization; intend to ensure that such gains will materialize. The person objecting to the benefits of globalization may find it hard to contradict the existence and application of these principles and alternatives available could not be as good as asserted. Another challenging question that may be posed against the opponents of globalization is this: â€Å"How the problem of the environment could be solved with out a world effort that could be best helped by globalization? † It may be argued that globalization promotes not only economic interactions but also social and environmental ones. Global warming is never a national problem alone. It has become a global problem that requires global attention (Gardiner, 2004). With countries forming their alliances and organizations they also make rules to protect the environment. An isolationist has therefore no place in this globe. 3. Conclusion Globalization is a phenomenon. It was not made by America. Rather it has been a natural phenomenon that the expansion of knowledge has brought to mankind. Even early philosophers may have seen it birth long time ago and it still continuing. It could be reduced into simple proposition â€Å"no man is an island†. By the same analogy it is hard to see a country isolating itself from other countries. This could be seen in the history of mankind it self. Even those countries which were at war are now trading partners because there are more tendencies to help each other and live than killing its other. For the US therefore to go against globalization in its foreign policy would be the most inconsistent and absurd thing to happen since allied with globalization are its other interest which must also be attained.

Aztec Warrior Essay -- History, Aztec Military Training

According to the legend, the Aztecs, who referred to themselves as the Mexica, spent years wandering through central Mexico in search of a homeland. In AD 1325, the Aztecs founded their new capital Tenochtitlan (Moctezuma, 9). Years later, the Aztecs started to build their renowned empire. The Aztec Empire was made up of the Triple Alliance: Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan (Moctezuma, 55). Agriculture was the basis of the Aztec’s economy, but conquest and warfare lead to economic expansion and the accumulation of tributes from conquered towns (Moctezuma, 21). War was vital, for it maintained and expanded the economic and religious basis (Moctezuma, 55). The Aztec warriors were the driving force of much of the Aztec empires success because of their training, weaponry, wardress, sacrificing, and combat. Aztec military training starts when a male child is twenty days old. There are two separate military training schools, Telpochcalli and Calmecac, whichever school the child entered was weighted heavily by heritage. Commoners usually went to Telpochcalli, to become soldiers, or Calmecac, to become a priest. Nobles, (privileged status from heritage), could become a priest, political, or military leader at Calmecac, which involved rigorous training of intellect and the training taught at telpochcalli. From here the youths would train until ready to be sponsored by veteran warriors that would take the youths to battle and watch over them. The youths would experience the war early to learn to courageously face death on the battlefield. Warfare provided commoners an opportunity for social advancement. Achievement on the battlefield would offer elevation of social status, honor and material awards. A distinguished military care... ...presenting Aztec gods). The eagle represented the images of the sun while descending and the jaguar represented the death of the sun (when the sun was not present in the sky). â€Å"This solar association refers to the Aztec warrior’s primary function, acquiring victims to nourish the sun† (Pasztory, 82). The ixcahuac, obsidian stone knives can be found in the Museo Nacional de Antropoligia, Mexico. Atzec Atlatls can be found at the Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Mexico two feet in length and one and a half inches thick with a hook at the upper end (Hassig, 76). The darts used with the atlatl, where made of wood and the butts were feathered, they would be fire hardened, and had obsidian, fishbone, copper, or flint points. Stone engravings of a warrior with an atlatl, dart, and shield originally from Tenochtitlan, Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Mexico, (Hassig, 78). Aztec Warrior Essay -- History, Aztec Military Training According to the legend, the Aztecs, who referred to themselves as the Mexica, spent years wandering through central Mexico in search of a homeland. In AD 1325, the Aztecs founded their new capital Tenochtitlan (Moctezuma, 9). Years later, the Aztecs started to build their renowned empire. The Aztec Empire was made up of the Triple Alliance: Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan (Moctezuma, 55). Agriculture was the basis of the Aztec’s economy, but conquest and warfare lead to economic expansion and the accumulation of tributes from conquered towns (Moctezuma, 21). War was vital, for it maintained and expanded the economic and religious basis (Moctezuma, 55). The Aztec warriors were the driving force of much of the Aztec empires success because of their training, weaponry, wardress, sacrificing, and combat. Aztec military training starts when a male child is twenty days old. There are two separate military training schools, Telpochcalli and Calmecac, whichever school the child entered was weighted heavily by heritage. Commoners usually went to Telpochcalli, to become soldiers, or Calmecac, to become a priest. Nobles, (privileged status from heritage), could become a priest, political, or military leader at Calmecac, which involved rigorous training of intellect and the training taught at telpochcalli. From here the youths would train until ready to be sponsored by veteran warriors that would take the youths to battle and watch over them. The youths would experience the war early to learn to courageously face death on the battlefield. Warfare provided commoners an opportunity for social advancement. Achievement on the battlefield would offer elevation of social status, honor and material awards. A distinguished military care... ...presenting Aztec gods). The eagle represented the images of the sun while descending and the jaguar represented the death of the sun (when the sun was not present in the sky). â€Å"This solar association refers to the Aztec warrior’s primary function, acquiring victims to nourish the sun† (Pasztory, 82). The ixcahuac, obsidian stone knives can be found in the Museo Nacional de Antropoligia, Mexico. Atzec Atlatls can be found at the Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Mexico two feet in length and one and a half inches thick with a hook at the upper end (Hassig, 76). The darts used with the atlatl, where made of wood and the butts were feathered, they would be fire hardened, and had obsidian, fishbone, copper, or flint points. Stone engravings of a warrior with an atlatl, dart, and shield originally from Tenochtitlan, Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Mexico, (Hassig, 78).

Film Genre, Narration, Reality Tv Essay

â€Å"Types of films are commonly referred to as genres (pronounced â€Å"zahn-rahz†). The word genre is originally French and simply means kind or type.† (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004: 108). Genre groups films, which share similar filmic qualities and themes, into various subsections according to the type of film they are associated as. Various film genres are recognisable by the way they are presented and patterned or the way that they portray a certain emotion or feeling, as those of humour or horror. There is no distinct way by which we can define genre. Some films incorporate various aspects of different genres, thus we cannot define exactly what kind of text-book definition genre it is and being that all people are different, a comedy to one person may be a complete bore to the next. In a sense, certain films portray their genre as a subjective opinion. Film genre, in the modern filmic world today, is also very reliant on the actors that star in the feature. Automatically we, as viewers, would associate brawn and large stature with an action film, but occasional films tend to meld these characters into completely different subgenre, giving the film a very hybrid, generic feel to it. Genres are ways of providing films with the intended associations. It is a convention in which people can refer to initially grasp the notion of a film, â€Å"for the vast publicity system that exists around filmmaking, genres are a simple way to characterize film. In fact, reviewers are often central in gathering and crystallizing notions about genres.† (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004: 110). Genres are helpful in the general public as they give spectrum to different people and their different tastes. It also accommodates for any mood one may be in if they wanted to watch a film. It characterizes the films and sorts them into place for the viewer’s pleasure, â€Å"At all levels of the filmmaking and film-viewing processes, then, genres help assure that most members of society share at least some general notions about the many films that compete for our attention.† (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004: 110) Most genres share specific genre conventions. Stereotypical plots or certain predictable characters are expected to appear during a film of a desired genre. These are the conventions which group films into subgenres. Other than visual and audio conventions, those concerning mise-en-scene, cinematography, sound, lighting and editing, genres often also make boundaries around the type of thematic notions that are presented within films. Interweaving and altering certain genres, film producers create hybrids of genres that are incorporate mixture of different filmic techniques implemented by different genres. These subgenres, as with conventional genres are not always effective. â€Å"The periods in which a genre remains popular are called cycles.† (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004: 115). Genres can only be portrayed so many times before they become old, such as with anything else in the world. Film Narration (Researched from â€Å"Film Art: An Introduction† by D. Bordwell and K. Thompson.) According to D. Bordwell and K. Thompson, a narrative is considered to be, â€Å"Â…a chain of events in cause-effect relationship occurring in time and space,† (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004: 69), otherwise also known as a story. The narrative of a film begins with an instance and throughout the film’s time and space alters in story and elements in such a way that the final narration is the end product. The narrative of a film is structured in a way that we, the viewers, can identify with and understand what is going on in the film. The sequences and events are arranged in an order such that to portray the notion of a flowing story. Causality, time and space are the governing factors behind this story or narration. The story undergoes a â€Å"cause and effect,† (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004: 69) situation where one event leads onto another. â€Å"A narrative may cue us to draw parallels among characters, settings, situations, times of day, or any other elements.† (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004: 69) The way in which the narrative of a film is revealed can lead the viewer to make connections between certain elements in the film such as interlinking character backgrounds or settings. What the viewer sees onscreen is mechanically fed into the back of his/her mind and slowly they start tying in different aspects of a film as they are uncovered one after the other. By the actions or method of speech certain characters have in films, for example, the viewer can achieve a comprehensible understanding of the character and how he/she fits into the, sometimes social or other, hierarchy of the narrative of the film. This is a contributing factor towards the plot development of a film as the characters are to have an affirmative role that the viewer should be able to understand. â€Å"Â…the film’s plot may contain material that is extraneous to the story world.† (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004: 71). D. Bordwell and K. Thompson use the example of nondiegetic intro music being a form of narrative to the story plot as it does set a pace and a mood for the story. The film’s plot and story are not the same thing but are closely linked in aspect. The plot mechanically uncovers a film’s storyline and events while the film’s story adds complexity and body to the film as a whole through diegesis. The Bordwell and Thompson CD-ROM addition describes diegesis to be, â€Å"Â…the world of the film’s story. The diegesis includes events that are presumed to have occurred and actions and spaces not shown onscreen. See also diegetic sound, nondiegetic insert, nondiegetic sound.† Therefore the understanding of the film’s narration will have a different, more in depth meaning to someone like the director as opposed to the viewer. Thus it is the director’s duty to arrange the narrative in such a way that it would portray a desired notion or motif through the way it is presented. Causality, time and space are the overall key factors governing the convergence of film narration. Precise sequencing and technical usage of these three elements is what brings about a good story narrative. Reality T.V (Researched from â€Å"InfoTrac Onefile† online journal.) â€Å"The term ‘reality TV’ was first coined in the USA, and was used to describe television programmes based on film footage from police forces and the emergency services, usually featuring dramatic car chases and accidents.† (Joan Garrod, 2004). Reality is a rather new and very different hybrid of television genres that are encountered daily. It totally abolishes the rules and regulations of standard acting and filming procedures. Whereas other forms of televisual entertainment make use of camera and acting synchronisation, reality television goes one step ahead to disrupt this congruency and allow the action and camera to work individually creating a, once-unnatural, different form of filmic entertainment. â€Å"The main reason viewers give for their interest in reality TV is that it is not as predictable and formulaic as ‘mainstream’ television dramas and sit-coms.† (Mark Andrejevic, 2004). This factor is what binds viewers to their television sets when a new hit reality show is broadcast. The fact that this stream of entertainment is still rather new and unpredictable, viewers become completely absorbed and over-obsessed with their new favourite show, â€Å"Â…13 million people in the UK watched the final of I’m a Celebrity†¦Get Me Out of HereÂ….† (Joan Garrod, 2004). That is a colossal quantity of viewers for the UK alone. Reality television it considered by some to be an insult to their intelligence. It requires no previous acting skills at all and has the habit of creating stars almost as popular as ones we would find in our everyday Hollywood films, â€Å"Here, in short, are people becoming famous for  doing nothing much at all, but doing it where everyone can see them.† (Salmon Rushdie, 2004). It is easy to notice why various media critics are ‘insulted’ by this form of television entertainment. They are coming from backgrounds with the art of media has been cultured to such a fine point that an entertainment of this nature would be, just plainly, unacceptable. Certain critics have made note that reality TV, as well as having negative repercussions on the viewers, have negative repercussions on the participants as well. â€Å"Â…participants become psychologically weakened and more easily manipulated, and are thus more prone to be subject to the authority of the producers.† (S. Brenton and R. Cohen, 2003). Many participants often enter a â€Å"distressed state† and, invariably, leave the show early. Mark Andrejevic, a Colorado PhD student, goes on to find other aspects of reality TV that are beside the norm. He states that because the participants, in reality TV, are ‘real people’, more and more viewers are adapting to identifying with them as opposed to acted characters in conventionally produced film. He also states that reality TV is a new advancement in â€Å"televisual interaction†. It gives the viewers the option to choose how they would like the ending to happen. This is silly however, as what would be the point of watching a reality series in the first place? Reality TV is a diverse and upcoming television genre in the future. Critics predict it to be around still for an extensive amount of time. So many ideas and manipulations from real life can be brought into action on the screen and we, as mindless, malleable viewers, will eat up all the Americanised filth that is brain-fed to us through our television setsÂ… an unhappy ending to a debatably unhappy story. Bibliography David Bordwell & Kristin Thompson, (2004) Film Art: An Introduction, The McGraw-Hill Companies: New York. P 69, 71, 108, 110, 115 David Bordwell & Kristin Thompson, (2004) Film Art: An Introduction, The McGraw-Hill Companies: New York Ââ€" CD-ROM attachment. Joan Garrod (2004). Author of news article, â€Å"What is reality TV and why do we like it?† Sociology Review journal, Feb 2004 v13 i3 p14(3) S. Brenton and R. Cohen (2003) Shooting People: adventures in reality TV, Verso. Mark Andrejevic (2004) Salmon Rushdie (2004)

Emotion As Described And Theorized By Antonio Damasio

In this essay I will discuss the particulars of emotion as described and theorized by Antonio Damasio. First, I will explain Damasio’s three-stage definition of emotion, and then apply this definition to an evolutionary perspective of emotion; more specifically, the evolutionary and biological benefits of an organism possessing emotion. Next, I dive deeper into Demasio theory of emotion, by distinguishing between his idea of primary and secondary emotions. By way of Damasio’s three-stage definition of emotion and an experiment he conducts on brain damaged patient, I will then discuss whether or not humans are always aware of how their emotions influence their behavior. Next, I will temporarily suspend my focus on Damasio’s work to explain how Block and Chalmers distinguish between conscious awareness and conscious experience. Subsequently, I will resume my focus on Damasio’s work, by evaluating how the aforesaid experiment applies to Damasio’s brain damaged patient. Finally, I will conclude by reflecting on the overall picture of emotion and emotional experience, and use it to discuss the prospects and motivations of building emotional machines. Antonio Damasio considers the phenomena of emotion and feeling on a continuum that consists of three discrete stages that distinguish different types of emotional processing: state of emotion, state of feeling, state of feeling made conscious. The first stage, state of emotion, is the body and brain’s automatic and nonconscious