Competitor Of Starbucks Essay

There are the known international company that become the competitor for the Starbucks. There are: Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf The endurance and popularity of The Bean, as it is affectionately referred to by devotees, can be attributed to the high standards that were established from the beginning. From trend-setting drinks like the World Famous Ice Blended, to the employees who become a part of the communities they work in, The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf  ® has discovered the formula for a successful coffee and tea company. San Francisco Coffee The company that serve fresh coffee sourced from the best coffee farms on this green earth and the roast master, uses company to concoct blends and roasts that have the people wringing their hands, anxious for their next hit. Secret recipe Secret Recipe Cakes & Cafà © offers a friendly and personalised full-service dining experience for customers and incorporates a modern contemporary and vibrant interior concept with comfort ambience, and great food. It provides a great respite for customers to enjoy good food and quality time with friends, family or associates, after a long day at work. Old town white coffee To be Asia Pacific’s leading white coffee brand, providing high quality products to customers globally All the competitors try to win the demand of the customer who loves to drink coffee. Each company have their own strategy and uniqueness of their product. THE MACRO AND MICRO ENVIRONMENT THAT AFFECT THE STARBUCKS COMPANY MACRO ENVIRONMENT For the Starbucks micro and macro environment factor, we can use PESTEL element to evaluate and observed about the Starbucks. The (PEST) element included: Political factors The first factor which shall be kept in mind while studying the macro environment of Starbucks is the political aspect. It has been seen that, Starbucks has significant levels of presence in the coffee market. Starbucks consists of various types of products for government offices, corporate offices. The growth of Starbucks has increased and it means there are lots of demands about the Starbucks Coffee. However, in certain country, the political try to avoid the Starbuck because some of the countries try to boycott the Israel product. The cases of the boycott make the Starbucks have problem for their expansion of the business. Indirectly, the political of the country will affect the performance and growth of the Starbucks. Economic factors Economic factors such as recession which hard a big impact to the different organizations also to the consumer ability to purchase their product due to been unemployed and having debts. The way income is distributed among the individuals impact the marketing activities such as higher income earners, middle and low earners. These economic factors influence marketing segmentation and decisions. The exchange rate also will affect the Starbucks Company. When the currency decreases their value, it affects the monetary policies. Most of the supplier of the coffee comes from outsider. When the monetary decrease, it will affect the higher cost and the raw material become expensive. Finally, this situation makes the price of the Starbucks become expensive. It’s also become risk for Starbuck in making its coffee with the higher cost. Social factors Social factors that influence marketing decisions are such as demographic factors which is relating to the population where when the population  increases creates good opportunity for the marketing activities but if it decreases results to great impact in the market. Age, marketers tend to target their market according to the number of age available in an area. Behaviour also may influence the marketing decision where by some ethnics may not be able to purchase certain products due religion aspects also due to consumer’s different in taste, style and fashion some may like the products others may find them not attractive. Another than that, the social also included the changing in culture, taste and health consciousness. The culture of Malaysia who loves the coffee made the demand of Starbucks increase. However, Starbucks also need to learn about the culture among the country. Starbucks is International product and well known. Some of the country most prefers tea compare than coffee. That means , that is one of the challenges for Starbucks to come out with variety of product. Health consciousness of people also influences company to come out with healthy product for its customers. They need to plan new product that concern about the good healthy. It will provide opportunity to Starbucks to expand its business. Technological factors The fourth factor which shall be kept in mind while evaluating the macro environment for Starbucks refers to the technological aspect. Starbucks being one of the reputed coffee houses had a robust distribution strategy which helped them to stay ahead of the competition. Starbucks try to variety their distribution strategy within use the internet and mobile application. Starbucks launched a mobile payment system. This technological advancement helped the customers to pay while sitting at the store with the help of their smart phones. Starbucks also launched an I-phone mobile payment application. With this  application, the customers would be able to have an access of their favourite Starbucks card application. The use of technology will help the enterprise to break through the various distribution channels & be a step ahead of its immediate competitors. MICRO ENVIRONMENT The micro environment factors are about internal aspect of Starbucks. The micro environment are evaluate using Porter’s 5 forces model). There are about bargaining power of buyer, bargaining power of supplier, threat of substitute product, threat of new entrant and rivalry among competitors. Rivalry among existing competitors is high within the industry Starbucks operates in with major competitors like San Francisco coffee, Old Town White Coffee, Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf, Dunkin Donuts and thousands of small local coffee shops and cafes. Starbucks customers possess large amount of bargaining power because there is no and minimal switching cost for customers, and there is an abundance of offers available for them. The threat of substitute products and services for Starbucks is substantial. Specifically, substitutes for Starbucks Coffee include tea, juices, soft drinks, water and energy drinks, whereas pubs and bars can be highlighted as substitute places for customers to meet someone and spend their times outside of home and work environments. Starbucks suppliers have high bargaining power due to the fact that the demand for coffee is high in global level and coffee beans can be produced only in certain geographical areas. Moreover, the issues associated with African coffee producers being treated unfairly by multinational companies are being resolved with the efforts of various non-government organizations, and this is contributing to the increasing bargaining power of suppliers. However, the threat of new entrants to the industry to compete with Starbucks  is low, because the market is highly saturated and substantial amount of financial resources associated with buildings and properties are required in order to enter into the industry.

Providing Value Proposition to Customers: A Case Analysis on McDonald’s Essay

They have amazing story of their own organization relative with the organizational learning they have really gained insight from their history which later on made a lot of contribution for what now is MacDonald’s I would like to elaborate their story with two divisions and one of them Is early history and another after 90’s history. Early History When the MacDonald’s family back in 1930s around 90 years back they moved from Manchester to Hollywood where two brothers one is Richard and another is Maurice McDonalds started working. Еheir fathers had a â€Å"Air drome† McDonalds brothers realized that the most of their selling was for hamburgers, they closed down with a careful investigation so that they can open with a new starting and in a bigger way they started with the simple menu of hamburgers, cheeseburgers, French fries, shakes and more So they renamed their restaurant to the new name with McDonalds. After some time they realized one new thing that there was the time they need a new building for their restaurant so that they could improve more and make their goals achieve. The main two goals for them were efficiency and more catching appearance. Architects were chosen for the new ambience and new improvements. So being very careful new improvements were made for the appearance and for the betterment of the McDonalds. Mid History of McDonalds Company actual history was started from 1940 as two brothers Richard and Maurice opened up in the big phase of McDonalds as a restaurant with 20 menus. But the name was McDonald’s McDonalds hamburger as hamburgers were the most famous on their restaurant. As their revenue started increasing and they almost reached to $3500000 till mid 50’s. By then Raymond Kroc shows his interest on developing franchise of McDonalds and shows keen interest on making a chain restaurant so he registered McDonalds as a incorporation. so, in 1955 he became founder of McDonalds and changed the name so the new name and he current name of McDonalds came from that long way.. McDonalds Corporation. So, Kroc was the pioneer for the chain American restaurant for the fast food. Today McDonalds has become world’s largest fast food industry only in California they serve 47 million customers daily. It has managed to become one of the most prestigious values in all over the country. It got VRIO that is value, Ratio, and opportunities. Recent history So very recently from 2010, McDonalds has resigned its website and everything to a sleeker along with the certain changes made to the organization they also have introduced new way of approaching customers that is new advertising material to its website, they have unveil new pictures for restaurant ads, TV commercials, print advertising and online they all consists of real and 3d pictures of their products and services, by looking at that that looks so yummy and mouth watering. They also have make an announcement that the new the world biggest McDonalds restaurant will be built in London Olympics site. Changes made to turn the company As from their staring to till the current phase they have made so much of decisions that has taken the McDonalds to this new phase and I would like to show with the bullet points that how it the changes made to the company. McDonalds ?Firstly at their starting period it was more restaurants in a bus with different menus and lists of products. ? When they did a analysis they found out that the hamburgers were the most sold items so, the brothers decided to change the restaurant plans according to the need of the customers that they have introduced hamburgers, cheese burgers, apple pie, French fries with their core competencies product. ?When the restaurant was a big hit and widely accepted by customers now Raymond Kroc entered with new vision of changing that into the fast food chain and he owned with making McDonalds incorporation and making franchise and food chain were developed all over the America. As a change of this it has now become world’s largest fast food chain with employee of 18000 and more. ?Not changing the main product competencies of the McDonalds they have made other changed in marketing advertising and the environment care. ?With the change in market when they entered into the Indian markets they introduced maharaja burger which made them a big hit in India and they could captivate that market with their good brand name. McDonald’s customer centric plan and principals to win for the future are: The idea of customer centric has been credited to Peter ducker as he was the one to see the customer centric view and need to adopt those for the organization. † since the customer is central management understands that the organization must have a complete understanding of the customer needs and wants they must continuously develop various ways of tracking changes to the need of the customer. So, in overall I understood that the product must always satisfy customers needs and wants through their offerings. The seven principals of customer plan are as follows: McDonalds Drive sustained momentum So diversifying the products is the main theme of this, for example including kids dress, toys and other interactive video for the kids as they are doing it to diversify certain portion of risk and hence to minimize loss in order to successfully run the business. Generating broad based growth business Broad based growth simply for the McDonalds means going global, as they have been reached to 115 countries that is the best example we could have in different countries in different places but with the same name standardization and quality. McDonalds have expanded themselves to all over the world; this was their one of the strategy in order to prosper their organization. It had created huge impact on the profitability. Going beyond the borders as their strategy. Emphasis on 5P’s The five P’s that are people, place, product, price and promotion and making it all together so that the right mix would form for the McDonalds this I view as a focus strategy to the target customers. they have been creating products for the customers and as per customers needs and wants understanding customers which is also depth of customer centric plan. we can take an example of Indian market where beef is not allowed and McDonalds for the first time in their history they have introduced Maharaja burger which is a big success in Indian markets so, taking care of the customers through this 5 P’s. Stay sharply focused on here and now As we see the market is so dynamic and volatile the change is so fast and irrestable there are many organizations which were swept away by the market structure and the change in McDonalds technology so being focused and try knowing how and now are the points to be focused for the organization. Run day to day operations with maximum efficiency and productivity Operational excellence is the final key term for this, excel on what you do so that there will be no room for the competitors and take away your pie. As to captivate the market share organization needs to operate with their maximum efficiency it includes utilizing all their pr, marketing, advertising human skills, experience and even expert solutions to maximize the growth. The right people and process are intent on prospect Right people means human skills ensuing that the right candidate for the right jobs are handled down in order to have good labor relations and maximum efficiency so that the future would be secured. Skilled human will give organization certain outputs that are not even used for today even for the future the result is always positive if the human skills are competent enough to fight with the situation. Develop new innovations Organization In order to be competent and excel the market they must always be innovative and show the new approaches to meet the customer’s requirement. They must be innovative and creativity in order to exploit the opportunities that is in the market. Organizations must took innovations as the first tool to reach the customers and if threat is seen they must back out as soon as possible in order to minimize loss. Adding new product lines and certain changes in the product would be the example for the McDonalds to develop new innovations. McDonalds As for McDonalds as they have always viewed their customer as a treasure and no matter what they have always pays value to the customers knowing customers current needs Current product needs Looking to the problems of the customers through holistic approach I mean what actually the customer is wanting and what do they want is the organization question for example one customer wanting mobile phone with wireless charger could be his need and how the mobile company will address his problems is the secondary question. So what are current product needs for the customer and what actually does the customer wants. Future needs What are their future needs and wants what could be the expectations of the customers if he she buys a mobile phone then what could be the future expectation are the future needs of the customer. So it’s all about forecasting the future needs and wants of the customers it is gained through market research. Where the main aim of the customer centric is the organization where the learning and improvement are in the continuous format. They actually learn from their customers and respond in those manner resources, products and services are well utilized in order to gain the competitive advantage from them. It is well managed according to the strategies and goals of the organization and meeting them with the customers’ needs. So customer centric is the view from the customers need and the need is only the driving force for all the organization decision making. The main aim is to create the value of customer the value driven strategy. So until and McDonalds unless any company gives value to their customers there won’t be any progress made to the organization and there won’t be profitable return.

Creon and Aristotle Essay

This paper will primarily concern itself with the comparison of the two approaches to politics from Creon in Sophocles’ play Antigone and Aristotle in his Politics. The basic argument here is that Creon and Aristotle have very little in common in terms of basic political ideas, especially in terms of the role and power of the state in the moral lives of the population. In terms of political ideas, the Antigone concerns itself primarily with the distinction between the state and the unwritten law of custom. The argument of the play itself is that Antigone has every right to bury her slain brother in that it is an ancient custom to please the gods by burying the dead and showing them respect. The central concept here is the rule of tradition and religion, represented by Antigone herself. On the other hand, Creon, who has just emerged victorious in a civil war where Polynices, the true heir, and Eteocles killed each other, leaving Creon as sole ruler of Thebes. Hence, without a real claim to power, Creon stresses the power and interests of the state over all. The written law is central. For Aristotle, the nature of politics is far more complex than the simple state-centered ideas of Creon. For Aristotle, property, classes and the relations between the sexes all have a law and custom of their own, which, when followed, lead to virtue and the good life. Ultimately for Aristotle, to flourish in the intellectual arts is the key to happiness, while for Creon, obedience to a well-ordered state, based solely on written codes, is the key to order and hence, to social peace. In Antigone, there are two ways of looking at the dead Polynices. The first is Creon’s view, that of a dead traitor that deserves nothing but humiliation in order to justify Creon’s own claim to power as well as prevent any further warfare (Sophocles, 585). Second, which is Antigone’s view, that Polynices is a dead Thebian, regardless of the politics involved. Ultimately, the chorus at (Sophocles, 673) holds that Creon is making a major mistake since he is basing his policy on a passing political struggle, while Zeus is immortal and hence, transcends all this politics. Creon, in other words, is letting the specifics of political power interfere with his duty as monarch of Thebes. The smaller picture of the civil war has blurred the more general vision of the nature of political power, that is, the reverence of custom as the ultimate in democracy: Thebians have â€Å"voted† for generations to maintain the old traditions, not to worship the state (Sophocles, 745-750). On the other hand Aristotle writes: â€Å"When several villages are united in a single complete community, large enough to be nearly or quite self-sufficing, the state comes into existence, originating in the bare needs of life, and continuing in existence for the sake of a good life† (Aristotle, bk I, pt 1) Several things are important here. First, that the smaller villages predate the state, and as a consequence, have a certain precedence over the state itself. Putting this differently, the state is the product of already existing villages and other communal organizations, and hence, is dependent upon them. Therefore, Aristotle, early on in the Politics, is arguing for a decentralized political regime where the building blocks of the polity, the villages (or a group of â€Å"households†), maintain their autonomy under the general guidance of the state. Second, Aristotle is clear that the state exists not for itself, but for a further end, that of the good life, the life devoted to the intellectual virtues. The state, in other words, exists in order to maintain the customs of the villages–the traditions of the people–so long as they lead to virtue, the good life itself, the end of all political activity, the end that exists in and for itself. The state is merely an instrument, contra Creon, that sees it as an end in itself, ore more accurately, that his own power exists as an end in and for itself. The very act of deliberation in Greek thought is itself an end, in that it assists in the mental development and contemplative abilities of the individuals involved. The good life, it can be argued, is manifest in political life in that it is essentially an intellectual form of work, the highest that a man can consider. Hence, deliberation is central to the good life and therefore, is beyond the purview of the state. If Aristotle is going to argue that the state is â€Å"according to nature,† then he must also hold that the villages, the ancient customs of the people that go into creating the state, also exist by nature. While Aristotle holds in Part II that the state is â€Å"prior to† the family and individual on the logical basis of self-sufficiency, this is hardly holding to a monolithic state in the sense that Creon holds. The state has no control over such customs, represented by Antigone and the blind prophet in the play. The basic argument then, is that the state comes into existence in order to create a certain level of self-sufficiency, not to destroy the customs of the more ancient forms of village life. Aristotle, in short, would have sided with Antigone. Even more, the question of precedence of the villages vis-a-vis the state shows that the state, though logically prior, must take into consideration the ideas and history of its component parts. Hence, Aristotle has deliberation at the center of his state’s idea. It should be noted that the main source of friction here is the concept of political deliberation. The Antigone sees a number of intelligent and well meaning people, such as Creon’s son, Haemon and his wife, all seeking to reason with Creon over the question of the fate of Antigone and the nature of the civil war in general. But since Creon holds that the monarch is the state, and the state is the monarch, deliberation would be a sign of weakness. Aristotle holds clearly that the citizens of the Greek state, regardless of its location, must be engaged in deliberation and discussion. This is the more practical sense of his state, in that it is an aggregate of pre-existing parts. These pre-existing parts, such as families or individuals, do not disappear when the state is formed, but take their rightful place as parts of the state, and hence, need to be involved in political discussion. The blind prophet Tiresias is, like Antigone, the voice of the â€Å"villages,† the ancient tradition of a people upon which the authority of the state rests. Among other things, Tiresias holds that Creon is â€Å"living in a tomb. † What he means is that Creon has become so obsessed with political power that he has forgotten the purpose of this power. Even more, this power has become radically personalized, centering on Creon himself, rejecting the testimony of his own son, and now, the prophet, the voice of the gods, who has never been wrong. He holds that Creon has placed himself in grave danger in his behavior. Worst of all, none of this will assist Creon in holding on to power or convincing the population that he deserves this power. His approach to politics is contradictory and self defeating (Sophocles, 1185-1205). It is contradictory because he refuses to see the state, as Aristotle did, as a series of component parts united for the good life under the ruler. Creon sees the state in purely personal, and hence, non-deliberative, terms. By the time the blind prophet has left Creon’s presence, politics has ceased to be institutional and now has become personal and autocratic in the literal sense of the word. Creon is the state, and is the power of Thebes, Creon says â€Å"What? The city is the king’s–that’s the law† (Sophocles, 825). This is precisely what Tiresias warned him of. For Creon to listen to the prophet, a man who he clearly respects, would be a sign of weakness. In his confusion, Creon decides to set Antigone free, yet, by the time this is done, she is already dead, as well as his own son Haemon. Creon has listened to nothing but his own insecurity, and now he is paying the price. When Creon says â€Å"the city is the king’s,† he is rejecting the concept of deliberation and democratic discussion. He is placing his interests and possible illegitimacy at the center of law, revealing its weaknesses. What are the major issues, therefore, of contrast? This is a struggle precisely with the question of precedence as Aristotle has stated it: tradition and custom over the â€Å"prior nature† of the state. Aristotle leaves the exact nature of this precedence vague. The state is the first by nature, but this is not a chronological movement, but a logical one. The whole must be prior to its parts, but Aristotle is not thereby claiming that the state existed prior to the family or individual. He is just holding that the only way families can reach true happiness is in a well-ordered state aiming at self-sufficiency. Therefore, Aristotle leaves the exact power of the state rather vague. For Aristotle, the scientist, he is not going to impose a blueprint for happiness for every society, but will show the bare outlines of the nature of the good life. The key passage can be found here: For man, when perfected, is the best of animals, but, when separated from law and justice, he is the worst of all; since armed injustice is the more dangerous, and he is equipped at birth with arms, meant to be used by intelligence and virtue, which he may use for the worst ends. Wherefore, if he have not virtue, he is the most unholy and the most savage of animals, and the most full of lust and gluttony. But justice is the bond of men in states, for the administration of justice, which is the determination of what is just, is the principle of order in political society (Aristotle, bk 1, pt 2). The fact is that the state exists to promote virtue and hence, must give way to it. Virtue is not abstract, but can be found in the customs of the Hellenes, as Antigone herself holds. Justice comes into existence when the various parts of the society come together in harmonious relations, not when the state stamps its demands upon all. What Sophocles might be holding is that the polis only has its legitimacy insofar as it protects the customs and moral foundation of the Greek people. Without this, there can be no virtue and hence, no good life. But where Sophocles and Aristotle differ is in the nature of the state in terms of security. It seems that Sophocles holds that the traditional life of the Greek family is true and right. It brings security in the ancient customs of an elite people. It is the state that provides insecurity, especially when severed from its moral foundations. There is not a moment where Antigone doubts the correctness of her actions, yet Creon exists in a storm of confusion. State power is parasitic on the traditions of a people according to Sophocles. Aristotle might agree with this with strong reservations, but still concede that the state must have a moral foundation on the one hand, and a purpose beyond itself, on the other (Davis, 1996, 27-28, an excellent discussion on the relation between the household and the state). Creon cannot see either. Even more, Sophocles is making the more general point between the two different kinds of order, the cosmic and the human. He holds that it is the former where truth and happiness are to be found. The human order is insecure and based on chance, the outcomes of wars, political factions, etc. (this is the whole thesis of Book 5 in The Politics, cf. Davis, 1996, 102). The cosmic order is permanent, even superior to the gods, the gods themselves are subject to it. The human order is what Creon demands, namely, his order over and above the divine one. Sophocles is holding to an early version of natural law. The customs of the Greeks are not arbitrary, but they are part of a cosmic order. Creon is arbitrary in his decisions, and even the very basis of his power is based on chance. The human order can never be the basis of society, and certainly the state as the supreme (but not only) power in society. The law, to conclude, as it is promulgated by human beings at any time, is a highly limited instrument. It does not change the order of nature, or even the traditions of the Greek mind, which are based on nature, the law of the cosmos, held by all Greek peoples. The citizens must be engaged in deliberating not what the natural law is, but how it can be best manifested under present conditions. Antigone holds to the eternal, while Creon holds to the temporary. Politics is an inferior state of mind than that of the eternal law of the cosmos. Death and the order of the gods will always trump the merely human law, and hence, the human law must partake of the divine order or it is an arbitrary decree, the very essence of Creon’s world. Bibliography: Aristotle (250 BC). The Politics. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. Internet Classics Archive (http://classics. mit. edu/Aristotle/politics. html) Davis, Michael. (1996) The Politics of Philosophy. Rowman and Littlefield Sophocles (442 BC). Antigone. Trans. Robert Fagles. Penguin Classics

State and federal law in the United States Essay

State and federal law in the United States - Essay Example Starbucks’ public image as a company committed to fair trade and labor practice is unequivocally false.   As Zielinski (1995) explains, Starbucks directly purchased approximately 40% of its coffee beans from Guatemalan coffee plantation.   This is especially significant because the labor conditions on these plantations borders on slavery.   Workers are paid 2 cents per pound of coffee while Starbucks sells it for $9.   In addition, these plantations do not abide by the minimum health or safety requirements and use child laborers.   At a time when large corporations are refusing to deal with these plantations, Starbucks not only relies on them for a significant percentage of its coffee but denies any responsibility for the continued exploitation of Guatemalan coffee laborers (Zielinski, 1995).Following the extremely negative press Starbucks received in the wake of the media’s exposition of its participation in exploitative labor, its company invested millions o f dollars in improving its public image.   As Irving (2006) points out, the Starbucks publicity machine presents an image of the company as one which is fundamentally committed to fair labor practices.   This is nothing but a myth, an empty slogan. The facts indicate that not only has Starbucks maintained its relationship with Guatemalan plantations whose workers are underpaid, denied health coverage and   a safe work environment but it further relies on off-shore prison labor for the packaging of its coffee.  ... As Irving (2006) points out, the Starbucks publicity machine presents an image of the company as one which is fundamentally committed to fair labor practices. This is nothing but a myth, an empty slogan. The facts indicate that not only has Starbucks maintained its relationship with Guatemalan plantations whose workers are underpaid, denied health coverage and a safe work environment but it further relies on off-shore prison labor for the packaging of its coffee and other products. Indeed, available facts and figures indicate that a minimum of 24.5% of the company's coffee is purchased from sources which practice exploitative labor and which often use child and prison labor as well (Irving, 2006). As far as Starbucks is concerned, the bottom line is not fair labor or ethical business practices but profit margins. Starbucks' relations with its on-site employees further evidence its failure to adhere to fair labor practices. Hayes (2004) explains that according to federal law, overtime is defined as anything which exceeds 40 hours, while several states define overtime as anything in excess of 9 hours per working day. The receipt of overtime pay, however, is conditioned where managers are concerned. Quite simply stated, managers are not paid overtime for work which falls within their immediate job description and constitutes part of their managerial responsibilities because the law assumes that they should complete their work on time (Hayes, 2004). In direct relation to Starbucks, the evidence shows that it is overworking its employees and that its managers do work overtime on tasks which do not constitute part of their job description. Yet, in direct violation of state and federal laws, Starbucks refuses to pay its employees

Discussion on the 'neutrality of money' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Discussion on the 'neutrality of money' - Essay Example Most schools agree on the long term neutrality of money, and the short term non-neutrality due to stickiness of wages among other factors. However, the schools differ in their theories of money and variables and policies that affect money demand and supply and other macroeconomic variables. Quantity theory of money The classical school of economists developed the quantity theory of money, which basically meant that the price level in the economy is dependent on the money supply. According to this theory inflation is caused by an increase in money supply. According to the theory that national income equals national expenditure the equation of the quantity theory is MV=PY, with V being the velocity of circulation, meaning the number of times in a year a unit of money is spent on buying goods and services, M being money supply, P being the price level and Y the national income. Classical economists through this theory asserted the neutrality of money by claiming that Y and V are exogeno us factors and unaffected by the money supply with V being constant, thus P and M are directly related and changes in money supply would only affect the prices and not output. (Sloman, 1999) Keynes (1936) rejected the quantity theory of money by asserting that a rise in money supply may not necessarily lead to a rise in the price level. This may be due to the fact that the entire increase in money supply may not be spent and may just stay in bank accounts. The Keynesians claim the velocity of circulation is inversely proportional to M and thus the V in the equation may not be a constant. An increase in money supply may lead to an increase in output if there are unemployed resources in the economy. Thus an increase in the money supply can lead to an increase in Y, provided that the economy is not at full employment and not increase prices greatly. Similarly, a decrease in money supply could lead to a decrease in output and thus income causing a decrease in Y. According to Keynes, dem and creates supply and not the other way round, which the Classical school believed. (Graham Sahaw, 1997) Milton Freidman was one of the most vociferous critics of the Keynesians, and brought back the quantity theory of money. According to him, inflation was anywhere and everywhere a monetary phenomenon based on his historical research. According to monetarists, any increase in money supply faster than an increase in output will lead to an increase in inflation. They asserted that V and Y are independent of the money supply and thus money supply will only affect prices and not income or velocity. According to the monetarists, an increase in money supply will increase prices along with employment and output in the short run, but as the economy adjusts to new prices and wages, in a couple of years output and income will adjust downward and the real effect of the increase in money supply will be inflation and vice versa with a decrease in money supply. (D.Mizen, 2000) The new classical theorists put forth the theory of rational expectations, which asserts that markets clear quickly and expectations adjust instantly to market changes. This theory assumes that people are aware of economic conditions and adjust their expectations accordingly. Thus, money is neutral in the short term as well as the long term, as expanding money supply will automatically lead to higher expectations of inflation and in turn

Notion of fiduciary trust and its breach Case Study

Notion of fiduciary trust and its breach - Case Study Example The bill of lading indicated that 3,000 tons of timber was received from Merchant LTD and the timber was received in good condition. In examining Wavy Line's responsibilities with regards to Merchant LTD it is prudent for Merchant LTD to know that the issuance of a bill of lading is accompanied by legal rights and responsibilities. Those rights and responsibilities as delineated by the Hague-Visby rules denote that under the "contract of carriage" the responsibilities and liabilities of Wavy Line include the premise that Wavy Line is obligated to exercise a superior degree of care in order to: In examining Article II of the Hague-Visby Rules, we can clearly see that there is a breach of the contract by Wavy Line in that Wavy Line was obligated to ensure that the ship is adequately staffed prior to embarking on the voyage. The fact that Wavy Line had to stop to pick up a relief master on the way indicates that the staffing responsibility was not met as necessitated by the Hague-Visby Rules. Article III Section 5 of the Hague-Visby Rules addresses remuneration under these circumstances. The rules indicate that the value of the goods must be explicitly stated on the bill of laden if the carrier is expected to be responsible for total remuneration to the property owner. If, however, the total value of the goods is not indicated in the bill of laden, then the carrier is only responsible for the value of 666.67 units of account per package and the total value of the goods are to be determined based on their value at the time they were contracted to be delivered (Article III, Se ction 5-Hague-Visby Rules, 1968). According to this, I would advise Merchant LTD that Wavy Line did in fact fail to uphold their obligation to deliver the timber at the specified time. This obligation was not mitigated by any justifiable circumstances such as acts of God but it was a direct result of Wavy Line's failure to exhibit due diligence. As such, Merchant LTD can receive some compensation for the loss but the compensation they are able to receive is less than the total demanded due to the fact that the value of the merchandise was not explicitly stated on the bill of laden. The case of Transfield Shipping Inc of Panama v. Mercator Shipping Inc of Monrovia, [2006] EWHC 3030 (Comm); [2006] can be utilized to substantiate the aforementioned analysis with regards to the party responsible for the loss, however, the amount of judgment based on Transfield Shipping Inc of Panama v. Mercator Shipping Inc of Monrovia, [2006] proves to be interesting. The facts of the case of Transfield Shipping Inc of Panama v. Mercator Shipping Inc of Monrovia, [2006] are such that in January of 2003, The Achilleas was time chartered to Transfield Shipping Inc. The charter was extended as delineated in a supplemental document at a new higher hire rate and the maximum duration of the agreement expired on 2 May 2004. Later, the owners entered

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Marketing - Essay Example Procter & Gamble has one of the largest portfolios of consumer brands that are commonly known in the household, such as Pampers, Tide, Ariel, Pantene, Bounty, Always, Folgers, Downy, Crest, Olay, Pringles, Actonel, Wella, lams, Gillette, and Charmin. Its community consists of over 138, 000 employees in over 80 countries worldwide, making P&G a company whose products reach households of different nationalities. The company started as a small, family-operated soap and candle business, which later transformed into a big transnational corporation that provides products and services of superior quality and value to consumers in more than 180 countries. Procter & Gamble is a Fortune 500, American global corporation based in Cincinnati Ohio whose focus of manufacturing is a wide range of consumer goods. As of 2008, it has placed itself as the 14th largest US company by profit and 23rd by revenue. In 2007, it was placed 10th in Fortune’s Most Admired Companies list.1 It was recorded t hat it spent more on U.S. advertising than any other company in 2007, doubling the $2.62 billion spent by General Motors.2 Procter & Gamble was founded in 1837 by William Procter, a candle maker, and James Gamble, a soap maker. William Procter was an immigrant from England while James Gamble was from Ireland who both settled in Cincinnati and met each other when they married sisters Olivia and Elizabeth Norris.3 As electricity became more and more common, the company stopped producing candles in 1920 and as it grew larger in the early 20th century, it began building factories in other parts of the United States because of a high demand of products outgrowing the Cincinnati facilities. P&G also became known for its research laboratories in the 1900s, in which chemists produced new products. It also pioneered in the area of market research, probing on product appeal and consumer needs. When radio became popular in the 1920s

Clever Marketing for Luxury Goods in the Fashion Industry Essay

Clever Marketing for Luxury Goods in the Fashion Industry - Essay Example The essay "Clever Marketing for Luxury Goods in the Fashion Industry" concerns the clever fashion marketing. It first looked into the number of years that the number of years by which the latter are working as members of the marketing industry within the luxury fashion industry. Seven respondents (11.7%) reported to have been in the luxury fashion industry for less than five years. Meanwhile, twenty two (36.7%) said that they have been employed by the said industry for five to six years. In the same manner, fifteen (25.0%) noted to have been working in such for seven to ten years. Finally, sixteen (26.7%) said that they are within the luxury fashion industry for more than ten years. Aside from determining the number of years that the respondents have stayed within the luxury fashion industry, the researcher also determined which among of the three groups being studied are they a member of. Since this research is aimed towards ensuring the proper representation of the three groups, tw enty respondents (33.3%) were obtained from each. These results are graphically presented in Table 2. As established in the previous chapters of this study, the era wherein fashion was characterized as super exclusive and could only be afforded by the elite has ended (Agins, 2000). In fact, designers are now taking their cues from consumers from the mainstream and creativity has been channeled to the mass-marketing clothes. As a result, members of the industry were seen to have joined financial groups.

Music players Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Music players - Essay Example The very first iPod was introduced to the market as a player with a 5GB storage capacity capable of storing one thousand songs. This product got feedback from consumers, though a number of them complained of an exorbitant price of $400. Because the first versions of iPod proved fruitful in penetrating the music player industry, another hardware upgrade came in 2003, catapulting iPod into the third generation. This advanced hardware upgrade did not have mechanical dials. The function buttons were placed under the screen and resembled a scroll wheel. Their storage was enhanced from the previous 10GB to 40 GB. On order to remain competitive in the music player industry, apple introduced iPod mini in 2004. Unlike the original iPod, this version had five different colors: green, gold, silver, pink and blue. The iPod mini had smaller screens and enhanced storage than any other music player then. In February 2005, a new version of iPod was introduced with an improved chipset, longer battery life and even more enhanced storage capacity. The collaboration between Apple and HP in 2004 helped Apple to explore new markets that previously never stocked Apple’s products. In 2005, Apple introduced the iPod photo. This was similar to the iPod but was capable of browsing photo albums and had improved battery life. This made it a hit among the music player enthusiasts, with most music players in the same price range providing half its storage capacity. This made Apple’s profits to quadruple in 2005 as a result of sales of iPod. The iPod was followed by the introduction of the Nano. This version was made available in two variants, the 2GB and 4GB music players. The Nano made used of an improved scroll wheel from apple and was significantly smaller. Not long after the launch of the Nano, Apple released the fifth generation of its music players. These had the ability of playing both video and audio music files, and its launch was instrumental in the creation of the iTunes

Broken Windows Concept Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Broken Windows Concept - Research Paper Example Giuliani was dedicated to putting the theory into action. Bratton through the police had the law against subway fare evasion, public drinking, graffiti vandals strictly enforced. In 2007 and 2008 experiments were conducted by Kees Keizer colleagues of the University of Groningen to determine whether the effect of existing visible disorder increased the incidence of crime such as littering and theft. The experiment included urban location and done in two different ways. In one condition, the place was maintained orderly and free from broken windows and graffiti. The other conditions, the experiment in the same environment among other things windows broken, and graffiti were placed on the wall. The arrangement in the second condition appeared like nobody cared. The observations from the experiments supported the theory. Common misconceptions clearly imply that there is a connection with financial instability for those who commit crime and may be of minority status. As for RJ Sampson it does not necessarily mean that the use of racial circumstance to encode disorder, people racially prejudiced in the sense of personal hostility (Weisburd &Lum). A later study indicated that the disorder is an exogenous construct that has independent effects on how people feel about their neighborhoods a contradiction to Wilson and Kellings proposition. Many challengers and critics say that other than the physical disorder there are other factors that influence crime rate. In order to reduce crime rate, these factors need

Learning the Theory of Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning the Theory of Knowledge - Essay Example Russell further contends that if a belief is to be causally important it must be defined as a characteristic of behavior. This explanation cannot be termed as definite because the result of the behavior or action determines if the belief held was true or false. If the search for food results in success, the belief was true but in case of failure, the belief is considered false. This does not truly justify that knowledge is true belief. Russell believes there are two methods of inference – deduction, and induction. The deduction is merely saying the same thing in another way while induction can be mistaken inference. Human beings have been endowed with sense organs or the organs of perception but most often these are all taken for granted. People know many things like whether they feel cold or hot; whether it is raining or snowing, or when the sun will rise or set. Descartes argues that the ideas about taste, feel, pain, pleasure, hunger, thirst, sadness or happiness come to us without our consent (Newman, 2005). All these are perceived through the sense organs and with the assistance of the memory, they reach the imagination. The mind receives the data through the nerves from all parts of the body to produce sensory awareness. The mind has a habit of believing what it perceives. This registers in the mind as an experience or knowledge gained through experience. Each person acts or behaves according to their prior experience or their sense of perception. Organs of sight do not increase knowledge. The physical eyes merely see but unless what has been seen can be absorbed or truly perceived, the ‘seeing; has no meaning. Seeing is involuntary; perception is not. We conceive, perceive and assimilate what we are interested in. This experience differs from one person to another. When a glass is partially filled with water, the physical eyes perceive it.

Pizza dominos Essay Example for Free

Pizza dominos Essay 1. What obstacles Pizza Hut faces when contemplating its entry to the delivery market? Do these obstacles differ across franchised and corporate outlets? Should Pizza Hut enter the home delivery market? 2. Compare performance measures and the strategies and of Pizza Hut and Domino’s? How does the structure of each chain reflect its strategy? 3. Does Domino’s supply chain support its brand and its overall strategy? Does it provide a competitive advantage? How? 4. Should Domino’s attempt to expand its supply chain internationally? Case Questions – Pizza Hut and Domino’s Pizza. 1. What obstacles Pizza Hut faces when contemplating its entry to the delivery market? Do these obstacles differ across franchised and corporate outlets? Should Pizza Hut enter the home delivery market? 2. Compare performance measures and the strategies and of Pizza Hut and Domino’s? How does the structure of each chain reflect its strategy? 3. Does Domino’s supply chain support its brand and its overall strategy? Does it provide a competitive advantage? How? 4. Should Domino’s attempt to expand its supply chain internationally? Case Questions – Pizza Hut and Domino’s Pizza. 1. What obstacles Pizza Hut faces when contemplating its entry to the delivery market? Do these obstacles differ across franchised and corporate outlets? Should Pizza Hut enter the home delivery market? 2. Compare performance measures and the strategies and of Pizza Hut and Domino’s? How does the structure of each chain reflect its strategy? 3. Does Domino’s supply chain support its brand and its overall strategy? Does it provide a competitive advantage? How? 4. Should Domino’s attempt to expand its supply chain internationally? Case Questions – Pizza Hut and Domino’s Pizza. 1. What obstacles Pizza Hut faces when contemplating its entry to the delivery market? Do these obstacles differ across franchised and corporate outlets? Should Pizza Hut enter the home delivery market? 2. Compare performance measures and the strategies and of Pizza Hut and Domino’s? How does the structure of each chain reflect its strategy? 3. Does Domino’s supply chain support its brand and its overall strategy? Does it provide a competitive advantage? How? 4. Should Domino’s attempt to expand its supply chain internationally? Case Questions – Pizza Hut and Domino’s Pizza. 1. What obstacles Pizza Hut faces when contemplating its entry to the delivery market? Do these obstacles differ across franchised and corporate outlets? Should Pizza Hut enter the home delivery market? 2. Compare performance measures and the strategies and of Pizza Hut and Domino’s? How does the structure of each chain reflect its strategy? 3. Does Domino’s supply chain support its brand and its overall strategy? Does it provide a competitive advantage? How? 4. Should Domino’s attempt to expand its supply chain internationally? Case Questions – Pizza Hut and Domino’s Pizza. 1. What obstacles Pizza Hut faces when contemplating its entry to the delivery market? Do these obstacles differ across franchised and corporate outlets? Should Pizza Hut enter the home delivery market? 2. Compare performance measures and the strategies and of Pizza Hut and Domino’s? How does the structure of each chain reflect its strategy? 3. Does Domino’s supply chain support its brand and its overall strategy? Does it provide a competitive advantage? How? 4. Should Domino’s attempt to expand its supply chain internationally? Case Questions – Pizza Hut and Domino’s Pizza. 1. What obstacles Pizza Hut faces when contemplating its entry to the delivery market? Do these obstacles differ across franchised and corporate outlets? Should Pizza Hut enter the home delivery market? 2. Compare performance measures and the strategies and of Pizza Hut and Domino’s? How does the structure of each chain reflect its strategy? 3. Does Domino’s supply chain support its brand and its overall strategy? Does it provide a competitive advantage? How? 4. Should Domino’s attempt to expand its supply chain internationally? Case Questions – Pizza Hut and Domino’s Pizza. 1. What obstacles Pizza Hut faces when contemplating its entry to the delivery market? Do these obstacles differ across franchised and corporate outlets? Should Pizza Hut enter the home delivery market? 2. Compare performance measures and the strategies and of Pizza Hut and Domino’s? How does the structure of each chain reflect its strategy? 3. Does Domino’s supply chain support its brand and its overall strategy? Does it provide a competitive advantage? How? 4. Should Domino’s attempt to expand its supply chain internationally? Case Questions – Pizza Hut and Domino’s Pizza. 1. What obstacles Pizza Hut faces when contemplating its entry to the delivery market? Do these obstacles differ across franchised and corporate outlets? Should Pizza Hut enter the home delivery market? 2. Compare performance measures and the strategies and of Pizza Hut and Domino’s? How does the structure of each chain reflect its strategy? 3. Does Domino’s supply chain support its brand and its overall strategy? Does it provide a competitive advantage? How? 4. Should Domino’s attempt to expand its supply chain internationally? Case Questions – Pizza Hut and Domino’s Pizza. 1. What obstacles Pizza Hut faces when contemplating its entry to the delivery market? Do these obstacles differ across franchised and corporate outlets? Should Pizza Hut enter the home delivery market? 2. Compare performance measures and the strategies and of Pizza Hut and Domino’s? How does the structure of each chain reflect its strategy? 3. Does Domino’s supply chain support its brand and its overall strategy? Does it provide a competitive advantage? How? 4. Should Domino’s attempt to expand its supply chain internationally? Case Questions – Pizza Hut and Domino’s Pizza 1. What obstacles Pizza Hut faces when contemplating its entry to the delivery market? Do these obstacles differ across franchised and corporate outlets? Should Pizza Hut enter the home delivery market? 2. Compare performance measures and the strategies and of Pizza Hut and Domino’s? How does the structure of each chain reflect its strategy? 3. Does Domino’s supply chain support its brand and its overall strategy? Does it provide a competitive advantage? How? 4. Should Domino’s attempt to expand its supply chain internationally? Case Questions – Pizza Hut and Domino’s Pizza. 1. What obstacles Pizza Hut faces when contemplating its entry to the delivery market? Do these obstacles differ across franchised and corporate outlets? Should Pizza Hut enter the home delivery market? 2. Compare performance measures and the strategies and of Pizza Hut and Domino’s? How does the structure of each chain reflect its strategy? 3. Does Domino’s supply chain support its brand and its overall strategy? Does it provide a competitive advantage? How? 4. Should Domino’s attempt to expand its supply chain internationally?

Theories Compare And Contrast Nursing Essay

Theories Compare And Contrast Nursing Essay Draper states that nursing theory is a tool This simile, although quite crude, captures the notion of goal orientation that a nursing theory is said to require. Drapper focuses on two goals that a nursing theory has or should have in view. First, a nursing theory serves as a framework to provisionally understand some part of the nursing world by identifying relevant phenomena that need examining, and second, it identifies a special task of nursing, i.e. to postulate an ideal world of nursing. It is the combination of ideas, explanations, relations, and assumptions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project. Actually theory is an idea or mixture of ideas that is suggested to explain phenomena. For understanding of theory, it is important to learn about the concept, conceptual frame work, and other elements of the theory. Nursing theories have greater impact on todays nursing, it helps in education, nursing care, and research. In this paper I am discussing the Or em theory and Roy adaption model, and will compare and contrast to conclude the better applicability of it. Orems theory Every human has the capability to perform self-care and maintain his/her health and life met paradigm of the theory is human, health, environment, and nursing. Orems theory is made up of three related theories Theory of self-care Theory of self-care deficit Theory of nursing process First is theory of self-care, Orem explains that if individual can attain all the needs are capable for self-care. Self-care comprises those activities performed independently by an individual to promote and maintain personal well-being throughout life. She suggested that human beings are capable and responsible for taking action to adjust their health, and life. The term she provided to this capability to take action on ones own behalf is self-care agency. The second is self-care deficit theory, which tells us that human beings have some need for survival, and are capable to attain it for health, and life. Human beings take some action to attain their needs and sustain life, which is called therapeutic self-care demand. When these actions are insufficient to fulfill all or part of the therapeutic self-care demand (needs), a self-care deficit develops. In this way the person is unable to perform and manage everything she/he needs to maintain health, and life. Third is theory of nursi ng process, to develop and organize an action plan that connects the identified gap between self-care agency and therapeutic self-care demand. (Whitener, 1998, PG). It build up the capabilities to meet their self-care, for example a person is unable to maintain his health. In this way the nurses will help the person to perform the needed action, or find someone to assist in the performance of the actions. Nursing goal focuses to overcome human limitation for needs and self-care. Nursing process is further divided in to nursing practice and fundamental nursing science. Nursing practice is based on observation, judgment and decision in nursing practice.it is evidence based practice awareness and critical thinking in nursing practice. Critical thinking further divide into diagnostic, prescriptive, regulatory and control evaluation. Orem explains five ways, on the basis of that nurses can help their patients in enhancing self-care: acting and doing for others, guiding, supporting, promoting personal development and teaching. Roy Nursing Model Roy developed adaptation model of nursing, and define the delivery of nursing care. Roy explain the Human beings as a set of interrelated system(psychological, biological, and social).human beings are in struggle to bring equilibrium between their system and environment. Human beings are facing factor (stimuli) from the environment, which alter the balance between the individual and environment. Stimuli may be external or internal which help or hinder in the process of adaptation. To bring balance human beings develop coping mechanism (behavior) to the stressor. It is a framework between environment and human beings, and stimuli, human beings changes his capabilities for adaptation.it also comprises the four domain concepts of person, health, environment, and nursing. In Roys model goal for nursing is to help in adaptation to improve person health, quality of life, and dying with dignity. These are four modes which she used in her model are physiological, self-concept, role function and interdependence. She used six step nursing process assessment of behavior, assessment of stimuli, nursing diagnosis, goal sitting, intervention, and evaluation. It is a complete process, on the basis of which we can do assessment and plan for intervention to get the desire goal. Roys model has three basic concepts: the human being, adaptation, and nursing. The human being is continually interacting with the environment (stimuli), and nursing is the helping to bring balance and adaptation. The person has two major internal processing subsystems, the regulator and the cognator. These subsystems are the mechanisms used by human beings to cope with stimuli from the internal and external environment. The regulator mechanism works through the autonomic nervous system and includes chemical, neural, and perception pathways. This mechanism prepares the individual for coping with environmental stimuli. The cognator mechanism includes emotions, perception, processing, learning, and judgment. There are three types of stimuli focal, contextual, and residual. Important factors in all human beings adaptation include developmental stage, family and culture. In the same way adaptation level of the life process is explained on three different levels: integrated, compensatory, and compromised. Adaptation is a mechanism in which a person is coping mentally, physically, socially, spiritually and emotionally. Nursing role in adaptation process is to help out in adaptation and improve capabilities. Roy adaptation model has a great implication in nursing care, education, and research. Compare and contrast between the Orem and Roy nursing theory Dorothy Orems Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roys Adaptation Model are grand nursing theories, but their applicability are the same as the middle range theory. The grand nursing theories consist of conceptual model, which find out the main point of nursing investigation and monitor the development of mid-range theories that will be suitable to nurses and as well as to other health professionals. According to Walker and Avant (2011), these theories contributed in conceptually sorting the nursing from the practice of medicine by demonstrating the presence of distinct nursing perspectives. Orems Health Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roys Adaptation Model are compared and analyzed for their importance in nursing. The main aim and purpose of the nursing theories is to provide nursing care to the human beings. Orem and Roy nursing theories based on the interrelating framework, which emphasis on the nursing practice. Therefore these theories promote better patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and help in communication between the nurses, and provide supervision to the researches and education.in both theories the nursing process are the same, first we do assessment, identify the problems, plan goal, intervention , and evaluation. They used the different word for nursing but the process and approach are the same. Orem and Roy used the same paradigms system which is related to nursing-person, health, environment, and nursing-are basic and important to nursing practice, but the main focus is health and improvement of life. Today the main focus of health professionals is prevent illness, give medication, and implementation. These paradigm have greater relation with each other, help in every intervention of nursing as well as the other professionals. In both of the models age, past experiences, developmental, and sociocultural environment influences the individuals. These factors are directly and indirectly affect the person for self-care and adaptation with the internal and external environment. Nurses, patients, other family members, and environment are involved to improve capabilities, possibilities to attain necessary needs to sustain life and growth Furthermore, Zarkowska and Clements (1994) share Orems (1991) concept of the dynamic interplay between social, physical, environmental and psychological issues in relation to the adjustment of personal behaviors. They suggest that it is through the manipulation of the environmental settings, triggers, human actions and responses that an individual can be motivated to adjust personal behavior. In both models the nurses assess patients potential and capabilities to attain their needs, nurse select the most appropriate and effective process and take actions survival and health. Orem and Roy model are preventive and rehabilitative nursing models. In the Orem nursing theory, she focus on the needs which are required for sustaining life, growth and development. It is used for rehabilitation and as a primary care, in which the individual is encouraged to be independent. The main purpose of this theory is to assess the individual at different level and provide care accordingly to the needs .Roy model of adaptation is also a rehabilitative and preventive model, according to her nursing is a service to the society. Human beings have the capabilities to change the stimuli or adapt the stimuli to promote health and life. Adaptation is a positive response to the surrounding environment and changes; it is the response from the individual and choice to bring equilibrium between self and environment. Before the stimuli to harm the individual, individual responded to the stimuli to build adaptation. The goal of adaptation is build coping mechanism to achieve survival, de velopment and mastering to the stimuli. Orems and Roys nursing theories, addressed each theory with respect to the four meta-paradigms of nursing, and finally compared the one meta-paradigm of health across both theories. This analysis has shown that Orems theory is more occupied with activities that promote health, while Roys theory is more concerned with where the patient stands on the health-illness continuum and how he can be brought to greater wholeness. It is argued that Orem nursing theory is always applicable; it is only a theoretical model. Orem model only focus the individual, that each individual has the capabilities to perform self-care. Every person will perform activities for his/ her needs to survive, maintain growth, health, and life. (Polit Henderson p. 103). The fundamental principle of the model is that individual will take responsibility for his/ her health and the health of other; it is the main drawback in her theory.in Roy model the there are four adaptive modes for survival, physiological, role function, self-concept, and interdependence mode.it means that Roy adaptive model focus on different perspective of the patient. In Roys Adaptation Model, humans are bios psychosocial adaptive systems who cope with environmental change through the process of adaptation. (Polit Henderson, p. 104). Orem theory has one limitation i.e. it doesnt not comprise all aspects of care and needs of a specific client. Therefore some dilemma and miss conception has been found with Orem theory, having unclear definition of family, community, nurse society relationship, and public education area. Although the family, community and environment are considered in self-care action, the focus is primarily on the individual (Balabagno, et.al, 2006). Roy model explain the definition of family, community, environment and nurse society relationship it is the nurse role to enhance capabilities in situation of health and illness and to improve the involvement of human systems with the environment, and promote survival (Roy Andrew, 1999, p.55) The most noticeable limitation of Orem theory is that in her theory, she did not explain well the individual emotional needs. She focuses on physical care and provides limited stress to psychological care. Roy nursing model explains it very well in detail, but at the same time it needs time and deep knowledge for understanding.. Orems theory of self-care is more applicable to acute care settings, whereas Roys adaptation model is more useful in the chronic care setting as elaborated by Alligood and Tommy (2010). The assessment process in adaptation model takes longer time and often happens to be a repetitive process for various components of assessment. So, in acute care setting like in emergency care and in ICU, a less need to adaptation to stimuli is less pronounced. However, self-care model is more applicable in acute care settings. Moreover, Self-care model incorporate concepts of nursing process as developed by American Nursing Association (ANA) that are espoused by North American Nursing Application in nursing Every theory has its own implications and importance in nursing, both the theories have greater impact on todays nursing, it help in education, nursing care, and research. Dorothy Orems Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roys Adaptation Model are using as a grand nursing theories, but their applicability are the same as the middle range theory. Orem and Roy nursing theories based on the interrelating framework, which emphasis on the nursing practice. These theories follow the same approaches, both the theories help in curriculum development, and nursing care to prioritize the nursing needs. After discussion I conclude that Orem nursing theory is best suited in the clinical practice. Orem nursing theory is more applicable in hospital set up and community, and based on the evidence base critical decision. The self-care theory associates the patient assessments with nursing diagnosis, expected patient outcome, discharge planning, quality assurance, clinical research, and exter nal agency reports. Many researches has been done on the Orem nursing theory application in different area of health .it is applicable acute care units, ambulatory clinics, community, nursing homes, hospice, and rehabilitation center. Orem theory is applicable to a variety of patients, specific diseases, chronic disease, alcoholic, head and neck surgery, arthritis, and cardiac condition (Conway, McMillan, Solman, 2006). This theory is also applicable to different ages, children, and mother with newborns. Conclusion All the nursing theories have their significances; nursing theories create new approaches, and method to nursing practice. Theories challenge the existing knowledge and practice, and change the structure of laws and principle. The main purpose of theory is to improve nursing practice, and the goal is guide the nursing practice. We are familiar that nursing practices are totally based on theories. We are using these theories directly and indirectly in our practice, but it that variety of definitions and concepts explain in nursing theories does not predict anything. It cannot be applied to the clinical practice and have a little impact on nursing practice. All the concepts, paradigm, and frame work guide and provide rationale for practice, but due to advancement in practices the incorporation become problematic.

The Success of the First Crusade

The Success of the First Crusade The first crusade was a military expedition by European Christians to regain the holy lands and occurred in 1095. It was viewed as an unprecedented success by historians of the day and by contemporary historians. The reasons for this great success, if it can be named great at all, are numerous. From Pope Urban IIs fiery call to arms at the Council of Clermont, to the lack of preparation from the Turks, there are many reasons for this success. Indeed the extreme faith displayed by the crusaders, the quality of their leaders, and the allies which they gained during their extensive journey were further factors which contributed to their success. After receiving the call for military aid from Alexius I, the Byzantine Emperor in 1095, Pope Urban II seized upon this opportunity for him to renew Papal control and influence in the east and to reunite the churches of Rome and Constantinople. Through his highly charismatic sermon given on 27th November 1095 at the Council of Clermont, Urban was able to arouse enthusiasm from the clergy and nobles present for a Holy War on the Muslims in the east. They then went out to their diocese and spread the command of a call to arms from God. This call to arms created a huge influx of people from all works of life and they were all keen to embark on this pilgrimage to the holy land. This was a good thing as more people would mean a larger army for which to defeat the Muslims with. However a lot of people who showed enthusiasm for this pilgrimage were not knights or trained soldiers but were ordinary men, women and children, and so they can be seen as more of a hindrance than of help. On the o ther hand, by there being women, usually wives, on the journey they would have undoubtedly helped the men on this hazardous journey by providing them with the necessary motivation needed to complete this pilgrimage. However the crusaders did not answer the call for arms from Pope Urban likely; they knew that it would be an arduous journey. But for most it was their undoubted faith which made them embark on this journey and it was faith which was a key factor that carried them to Jerusalem. Until recently it has been thought that one of the main motives for people embarking on the crusade was power and profit which could be gained in the supposedly lucrative east. But contemporary historians now believe that a lot of the crusaders were just devout Christians and wished to secure their place in heaven which the Pope had stated would happen if they liberated Jerusalem from the infidel. Faith is a powerful tool; it can make people push beyond their limits and to achieve unattainable goals, as is stated by Setton and Baldwin ‘without zeal and a burning faith it could never have been achieved and hence it was definitely a positive factor in helping the success of the crusaders. The crusaders wer e from all different parts of Europe and spoke many different languages. It was their belief in achieving the one aim of capturing Jerusalem that made them work effectively together as a fighting force. This can be seen when the crusaders captured Antioch. As soon as they captured Antioch, after a gruelling siege of seven months, the crusaders themselves were besieged by an army of Kerbogha of Mosuls. The crusaders were hungry and tired. Furthermore their morale was dangerously low, they were fighting night and day to keep the besiegers out, and just when they thought that all was lost a minor monk called Peter Bartholomew claimed to have discovered the holy lance in the city. This was enough of a sign to give the crusaders faith that they would win and made them fight on. On June 28th they defeated Kerboghas forces. This is a prime example to prove that it was their faith which encouraged the Crusaders to go forth and to face the enemy head on instead of giving up. The first crusaders were indeed many but they were in foreign lands, far away from home and without a reliable source of supplies and so it was important for them to make allies within the region. Though there were some troubles between the crusaders and the Byzantines, the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I was very willing to help the crusaders with supplies, a small military force and engineers. The engineers were extremely useful and necessary for the building of siege engines from which they made the capture of towns much easier. Hence the alliance with Alexius was a necessity for the success of the crusade. A further asset to the crusaders was the help from the Armenians. With their help some of the crusaders were able to conquer Edessa and hence form the first of the crusader states called the County of Edessa of which Baldwin was their ruler. Also it was an Armenian guard who Bohemond bribed at Antioch to open the cities gates. Furthermore, it was also an Armenian commander who help ed the crusaders capture Jerusalem by surrendering his tower on the main walls to them. Otherwise the crusaders quite possibly would have had to have gone through a lengthy siege in which many of them would have died. Baldwin of Boulogne also had an Armenian called Pakrad on his staff whom he relied on for advice on the area and the diplomatic stance between states and rulers. Another main ally who the crusaders had but were not as prominent was the Christian people who were already there. They tried their best to help the crusaders by giving them what provisions they could spare and by trying to help overthrow the garrisons of towns of which the crusaders were trying to capture. But there is evidence that a lot of Christians within these Muslim states were quite content with their Muslim overlords and so were not keen in helping a foreign army even if it was a Christian one. Another key factor which can be seen during the first crusade is that of the competency of the crusaders leadership. The crusaders were in the hands of experienced princes whom had seen combat in various wars. This can be seen through the tactics which they employed, such as them used on June 30th 1097 when Bohemonds army was surrounded by a Turkish army. The papal legate Adhemar of Le Puy performed an ingenious diversion of crossing the mountains to flank the enemy and come up on their rear, ‘which caused them to flee in panic and confusion'[1]. But even though the crusaders leaders were highly skilled at leading they were not always a unifying force. There was a growing tension between Raymond and Bohemond. But other than that there was not much quarrelling within the army itself. Some of the main leaders were driven to a degree by their own ambition and this sometimes led to atrocities occurring. An example of this is the massacre of 300 Norman troops who Baldwin of Boulogne had forced to camp outside the walls of his newly captured town of Tarsus because he did not trust them and hence they were slaughtered by the towns former garrison under nightfall. But through all of the bad decisions, most of the time when they were needed to unify and attack together they did just that. They worked as one army, even if they disagreed on tactics when they assaulted and besieged major cities such as Antioch and Jerusalem. Indeed the assault on Jerusalem was impeded time wise by the arguing between the leaders over who should be given Antioch, but when they eventually got there the remaining princes worked together to gain success. But the fact that most of the princes true ambitions lay in their own personal gain is shown by Bohemond who selfishly never took any further part in the crusade after becoming Prince of Antioch. He never even went to Jerusalem. This was a major reason in why it took so long for the crusaders to take Antioch, because Raymond had wanted t o storm the city but Bohemond refused and wanted to besiege it even though there wasnt enough troops to encircle the city. Bohemonds decision to siege was due to his own greed; he wanted Antioch for himself and so wanted it intact. The siege was perhaps harder on the crusaders than the defenders as they quickly ran out of food which led to desertion and cannibalism. Even though these blasphemous events were occurring, Bohemond still held the siege which shows that he didnt care much about the religious side to the crusade but by taking Antioch he did succeed in completing his own agenda and furthered the crusaders cause. One of the most important reasons for the success of the first crusade was the disunity within the Muslim nations in and around the holy land and their underestimation of the threat to which the crusaders posed. During the time of the first crusade, Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt were all under Muslim control. But they were politically and, to some extent, culturally fragmented and hence this would have certainly contributed to the success of the first crusade. These differences can be seen through the internal rivalry which had been going on between competing territories. Anatolia and Syria were controlled by the Sunni Seljuks, and used to be unified in one big empire but in 1092 Malik-Shah, the Seljuk sultan, died and his sons quarrelled over who would succeed him. So the sultans once large empire was split between the competing sons. Hence when the crusaders came marching through, these states were on the whole more concerned with consolidating their own territories and gai ning control of their neighbours, than with cooperating against the crusaders. There was also a failure to react quickly enough to the crusading threat by the Turks and the rest of the Muslim states. During the Peoples crusade The Turkish king Kilij Arslans capital, Nicaea was situated close to where the crusaders were based. He was happy enough to watch them ravage the countryside but as soon as they threatened his city he easily defeated them. This easy defeat of the Christian forces lulled him into a false sense of security. When he heard that another Christian force had amassed at Constantinople he assumed that it would be of the same type of incompetent soldiers as before and so took the majority of his army to attack a rival state, ‘he had not foreseen that the crusading army would be so strong'[2]. This same sort of misconception of the crusading forces was common among many of the Muslim leaders, and hence played a major part in the success of the first crusade. This can be proven by the failure of the second crusade. It contained around the same amount of people as the first crusade but by this time the Muslim leaders were more prepared and swiftly defeated the crusaders in two battles[3]. Even though the main reason for the success of the first crusade was the disunity between the Muslim states, all of the factors mentioned contributed to the crusades success. The crusaders allies played their part in helping the crusaders to succeed in their goals. Also the faith of the people played a major part. Their faith cannot be underestimated, it kept them going and forced them onwards to Jerusalem; it was their faith which stopped them from turning back even when they were dying from starvation and disease. It was ultimately their faith which drove them to succeed. Bibliography Asbridge, T. S. , The First Crusade: A New History,(London, 2004). Baldwin, M. W. ed. , A History of the Crusades Volume I: The First Hundred Years, (Philadelphia, 1958), pp. 177 343. Phillips, J. P. , The First Crusade: Origins and Impact, (Manchester, 1997). Phillips, J. P. , ‘Who Were the First Crusaders?, History Today 47:5 (Manchester, 1997), pp. 16-22. Riley-Smith J. , The Crusades: Idea and Reality 1095-1274, (London, 1981). Riley-Smith, J. , The First Crusade and the idea of crusading, (London, 1986). Rochester, R. W. , Military Operations in the First Crusade 1097-1099 A.D.,(Liverpool, 1955). Runciman, S. , The First Crusade, (Cambridge, 1980). Wolf, K. B. , ‘Crusade and Narrative: Bohemond and the Gesta Francorum, Journal of Medieval History 17 (Oxford, 1991), pp. 207-16. [1] M. W. Baldwin, ed. , A History of the Crusades Volume I: The First Hundred Years, (Philadelphia, 1958), p. 293. [2] M. W. Baldwin, ed. , A History of the Crusades Volume I: The First Hundred Years, (Philadelphia, 1958), p. 289. [3] J. Riley-Smith , The Crusades: Idea and Reality 1095-1274, (London, 1981), p. 14.

Endings and Beginnings :: Personal Narrative Essays

Endings and Beginnings Death, while in many respects an "end," actually serves as more of a beginning for all but the most pessimistic of religions or philosophies. Even Socrates, at one time near the end of his life, at least, felt this sort of hopefulness. According to Plato, on his deathbed after having drunk the hemlock, Socrates mumbled these last words to Crito: "I owe a cock to Asclepius; do not forget it." In his time it was customary to offer a cock to Asclepius, the God of Healing, upon recovering from a sickness, so at a time of impending death Socrates was actually thinking of healing in one way or another and beginning anew. When he confronts the idea of his own death earlier, however, in Plato's Apology, he says: "If I were to claim to be wiser than my neighbor in any respect, it would be this: that not possessing any real knowledge of what comes after death, I am also conscious that I do not possess it." On his deathbed, then, Socrates seems to be offering the cock just in case, a common rea son for religion for many dying people. All religions have death rituals or hopeful ideas of where they will end up after their death: Hindus seek to escape repeated reincarnation by practicing yoga, by adhering to Vedic scriptures, and by devotion to a personal guru; Buddhists seek a state of living Nirvana by following the path of righteousness--if they are not perfectly righteous then they repeat another lifetime that is either good or bad depending upon their actions (karma) in their previous life; Christians believe that if they take Jesus Christ as their savior they may gain access to heaven after their life on earth. Joseph Campbell believed that all of the world's religions are tied together by the similarity of their myths. Stories of creation, holy trinities, resurrections, deaths, and heavens repeat over and over again in slightly different forms. He believed, then, that all the world's religions are the same, but they're cloaked in different masks that betray the prejudices of the culture. One thing all religio ns have in common, however, is this: When we die, we all go somewhere else in one form or another. The beginning of a thing is its birth. The end of that thing is its death. Within the broad framework of our lives--the coordinate system that begins at age zero and completes some sort of cycle when our bodies stop breathing--we experience an infinite number of

Creation Versus Evolution - Both Arguments Can be Right Essay -- Creat

Creation Versus Evolution â€Å"Creation Versus Evolution.† What’s wrong with this title? Read it to yourself a few times, and then answer that question. We’ve all heard of the argument. Creationism, the idea that God created all the species as they appear today, versus Evolutionism, the idea that all life evolved from simple bacteria to all the species that appear today, is a familiar controversy. Ever since Darwin first published the Theory of Evolution in his controversial 1859 book The Origin of Species, the debate has raged between religion and science. But this debate is something that has always puzzled me. From the time I first understood what the Theory of Evolution was really saying, I found it difficult to reject. Scientifically, every shred of evidence in biology and genetics I have ever seen points to it, directly or indirectly. And religiously – Evolutionism does not contradict Creationism. Evolution is based on two underlying principles that themselves are not at all controversial: heredity and natural selection. Heredity is the principle that organisms pass on different combinations of their traits to their offspring. If an organism has strong traits that help it to survive, then its offspring are likely to possess some of those same strong traits and themselves be more likely to survive. The second principle is natural selection, better known as â€Å"survival of the fittest.† According to natural selection, the organisms with strong, â€Å"fit† traits are more likely to survive long enough to reproduce than are the organisms with weak, â€Å"unfit† traits; thus over time, the strong organisms (as a species, or subspecies) will survive and the weak ones will die out. In this way, only the strong traits that help organisms to survive will be preserved over long periods of time. For instance, all the long-necked giraffes that were able to reach foo d in tall trees were able to survive, while all the short-necked ones weren’t able to compete and died out. These two principles, taken alone, are not controversial. Most people seem to intuitively accept them as being true, because they make so much sense and because there is so much scientific evidence to back them up. However, when they are combined together in the Theory of Evolution, something happens. The assertion is made that, over time, species engaging in natural selection and passing on thei... ...y displaces or precludes that same faith. To react with such fear and narrow-mindedness to this â€Å"new-fangled† idea of Evolution, then, belies a fundamental problem with the Anti-Evolution Creationist viewpoint. These Creationists react with fear to this different way of thinking about the origin of life not because this different way is wrong, but because these Creationists are afraid that they are wrong in their beliefs. Secure Creationists who are confident in their faith have no reason to feel at all threatened by the Theory of Evolution; they are free to embrace it as just another argument for their faith. I believe that it is only the insecure Creationists who are Anti-Evolutionists, because on some level they realize that their faith is weak – that maybe their narrow view of things isn’t the only â€Å"right way† to look at the world. But, as Comedian Dennis Miller (and any scientist concerned with the truth) would say, â€Å"That’s just my opinion. I could be wrong.† Works Cited Kimball’s (1983) Biology, 5th edition Green, Joel B., & Longman, Tremper (Eds.). (1996). Holy Bible -- The Everday Study Edition. Dallas: Word Publishing. IUK Correspondent, April 29, 1996

The Charge Of The Light Brigade and Come up from the Fields Father Essa

The Charge Of The Light Brigade and Come up from the Fields Father are two war poems written in the mid 19th century. A Comparison Of Two War Poems ============================= 'The Charge Of The Light Brigade' and 'Come up from the Fields Father' are two war poems written in the mid 19th century. They both involve the portrayal of death for their country. Although they both tell us about death in two entirely different ways. In 1854, Mr Alfred Tennyson picked up 'The Times' newspaper and read a report written by W .H. Russell on the Crimean war. After reading the report, Alfred, wrote a very quick poem about the happenings. This poem was to become very famous and well known for centuries to come. In comparison, Walt Whitman, the author of 'Come up from the Fields Father' was a famous American author; he worked as a wound dresser in the American civil war, tending battle victims in primitive camp hospitals. Whitman writes his poem very imaginatively about the effects of war on a farming family. This gives the poems a very different feel and a change in style,...

“London” by William Blake with “Composed upon Westminster Bridge” by William Wordsworth Essay

Compare and contrast â€Å"London† by William Blake with â€Å"Composed upon Westminster Bridge† by William Wordsworth and show how each used his poetry to express his views about his life and times. Blake and Wordsworth both display different views and attitudes about the city of London in their poems. They both lived in the same era, Blake lived during the 18th and then on into the 19th century (1757- 1827) and Wordsworth also lived during the 18th and then on into the 19th century (1770- 1850). As the poems were alive in the same era of life they were both alive during the industrial revolution. This was a time when children of a very age were sent up chimneys and were made to sweep them clean. They were used because of their very small size. This turned Wordsworth and indeed Blake against London. They also didn’t like other major cities in the country like Manchester, Birmingham and Liverpool. The main reason why they hated major cities, with London being the largest one was because they hated pollution. They both preferred the countryside and nature to the hustle and the bustle of England’s city environment. Both poets didn’t really like what they saw around them. They were also both romantic poets. In the poem â€Å"Composed upon Westminster Bridge†, by William Wordsworth, the poet is expressing views towards London that are positive. This is unusual for Wordsworth as he normally was against the industrialisation of London. In the poem, Wordsworth is describing the early morning sight of London and in particular Westminster Bridge. He makes out that London looks as beautiful as the countryside without anyone awake and the major; air-polluting factories are empty and quiet. â€Å"The beauty of the morning; silent, bare, Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie†. A main reason, which turned both of the poets against London, was because of the factories and tall buildings, which were caused by industrialisation. They felt that it ruined the natural beauty that the country has. There is also use of different parts of speech, in particular personification. † This city now doth, like a garment† Also in the poem, which is a sonnet, Wordsworth tries to get the point across to the readers that anyone who doesn’t see the beauty of London at this time in the day would have to be a very insensitive and not appreciate anything that was naturally beautiful in the world. â€Å"Earth has not anything to show more fair: Dull would he be of soul who could pass by, a sight so touching in its majesty†. Wordsworth, who was poet laureate, along with William Blake both believed in Pantheism. This meant that they both saw god in nature. In the poem â€Å"London†, by William Blake, the poet is expressing his real thoughts about London as a whole. That it wasn’t really a nice place to be. Like William Wordsworth he didn’t like London due to the fact that it had become so polluted due to industrialisation. The poem itself, contain four verses, each containing four lines in each verse. The poem is also written in doggerel style, because it is written in a crude and inartistic style. In the poem, Blake is expressing the bad details of London. His thoughts are dark and moody. He compares London to that of a battle site. â€Å"And the hapless soldier’s sigh. Runs in blood down palace walls.† This for me sums up the exact thought of the poet, William Blake about London in general. When Blake was writing this poem, it was mid-night in London. The time of night is important in the poem as it reflects the dark and sombre mood of Blake. Right from the offset in the poem there is criticism of London, as Blake describes how the river has nowhere to go. â€Å"As I wander each chartered street, near where the chartered Thames does flow.† It is like the river is mapped out and has to flow exactly where it is shown on the map. This is because London has lost its natural beauty and is now so unnatural. The people who live in London are always having something to moan about, according to the Poet. This is because they are all so trapped in the City, many want to get out of London because it has become so industrialised and they want it so everything is naturally beautiful. â€Å"And mark in every face I meet, Marks of weakness, marks of woe.† Blake also feels trapped in London with nowhere to turn but to more factories. â€Å"In every cry of every man. In every infants cry of fear, in every voice, in every ban, the mind forged manacles I hear.† Blake uses different parts of speech throughout the poem. â€Å"And blights with plagues the marriage hearse.† An oxymoron is used here because people don’t usually associate marriage with a hearse. The poets William Blake and William Wordsworth both express their own views towards London in their poetry, Blake with the dull view of London and Wordsworth with his unusual praise for London. Many different parts of speech are exercised in each poem for different reasons. But the poets give us their personal view towards London, each in a descriptive way.

Pro Terrorist Torture

September 11, 2001, is a atomic number 42 frozen in conviction. It was on this twenty-four hour period t lid the introduction proposemed to stop turning, and its course would neer be the same again. It was the daylight of the largest nonionized t mavin-beginning on American citizens that took the lives of 2,976 honest e preciseday peck (attention grabber). It non however destroyed buildings, it destroyed lives. non only when the exonerated lives of the thousands murdered in the zealous buildings were destroyed, only if the lives of their families were destroyed, and their hearts became filled with price and loss.As a result of this unthinkable attack on our awk contendd, the lives of thousands of American Soldiers and their families would soon be affected as well The fight that 9/11 spun Americans and the rest of the world into was non a regular struggle in a regular region with regular soldiers. This fight was one in which our brave work force and wo hands t ook on a radical ghost resembling band of sc beists who obliterate in caves, hide behind women and nestlingren, and thrash wash kayoeds to themselves on the button to harm and terrorize some others.These people continue to threaten American guard and liberty each and every day and were responsible for the most railway lineshed on American soil in a single act of warfargon. These people neediness nonhing more(prenominal) than to harm innocent people and their families and provide stop at nothing to do so. So when these terrorists who feign no uniforms and claim no physical structure politic argon captured, some argue that they be to be treated hu universeely. The fact is, they dedicate information that could save thousands of American lives.However, they atomic number 18 so passionate about their make believe much(prenominal) information is not tardily obtained. Therefore, the United States has the redress to torment prisoners of war (suspected terrorists) in order to acquire merry information that is required to protect our sylvan and its citizens. Terrorists atomic number 18 not regular soldiers in a regular war. They do not counterbalance merit prisoner of war (prisoner of war) position as decl atomic number 18d by the geneva regulation passed by the United Nations and approve by the controlling Court.Colin Powell stated that bestowing POW status on detainees who do not meet the clear requirements of the geneva Convention would undermine the rule of law bragging(a) equal protections and privileges to all combatants regardless to their mention to the law. This is not a regular war because we argon not fighting against a country we are fighting religious extremists. Terrorists are not part of an unionised military, devour no uniforms, and do not represent a country or legitimate state, and thitherfore, are not saved nor deserved to be rotected under the Geneva Convention. Despite the agreed Geneva Convention, this nine-y ear war has resulted in different opinions on how communications protocol should be run halfway crosswise the globe in our country. A very prominent issue between politicians nowadays is the issue of straining. Torture sounds like a horrible word, and when spoken the thought of cruel treatment, pain, and misery come to mind. But in that respect are different forms and types of badgering that are not so cruel.The United States has been accuse of using a form of extort on suspected terrorists inha musical compositionn as stress and duress. But this form of torture is, as defined by the Supreme Court, neither inappropriate nor brutal by any means. (establish credibility/ source 2, reference supreme court) Stress and duress is a form of torture that includes psychological and physiological pressure on suspects through methods such as sleep deprivation, covering passing with hood to cause disorientation, and pinning prisoners in uncomfortable positions for hours. This is consi dered a form of torture.It is woeful to think that American citizens who are more worried about organism politically correct than the safety of our country and their friends and neighbors are speaking out against these insignificant pushes that soldiers fulfill on prisoners of war. Videos come out from Iraq and Afghanistan of terrorists soft cutting off the heads of our brave men and women protecting license. It is odd to think that terrorists behead and inhumanely devour and murder our soldiers and there is fuss when our soldiers keep a terrorist with American blood on his hands disadvantaged of sleep for a week.It is nice to know that our country still cares about and supports our men and women in uniform. As stated by a poll conducted by Rasmussen (source 3) 58% of U. S. voters say water boarding and other aggressive interrogation techniques should be use to gain information from the terrorist who attempted to bomb an airline on Christmas Day. (Rasmussen) T hat means that over half of our nation supports interrogation methods that are more unrelenting than the methods that others in this country are upset about.Also, the military is not torturing terrorists just to torture them because they do not like them or want r eventidege. Terrorists are be tortured for information such as future plots, hiding places, sources of weapons, etcetera that is take to simply protect our men and women afield and our citizens who call this great country home. some opposition goes so far as to demand American rights for terrorists who want to kill Americans and who hate this country.A Counsel member for tender-hearted Rights Watch, Katherine Bierman, (cite source 4) is quoted saying If youre pass to sentence them, there has to be a mediocre trial this amounts to nothing more extravagant than giving the applyant the line up to defend himself, not forcing him to incriminate himself and insuring hes not tortured the elements of what an general citizen would con sider a fair trial. (quoted in Katel 6) There are many shivery and utterly ridiculous elements in this quote.First, as established above, torture is not world used on suspected terrorists they are using stress and duress to evoke information. Secondly, terrorists openly express their hate for this country and say they are proud of their actions none have incriminated themselves by nothing more than the truth. A terrorist is not going to brusquely admit to something he/she did not do, even if he was severely tortured which they are not. Government documentation, the definition of the word torture, and 58% of our nation can prove that. Not to mention, a trial is costly.To fly a terrorist to our country to have a supposed fair trial is ridiculous and cost the people of this nation hard get money to have this man put up on trial. Not only is it costly, but it brings him/her into the country that his leading and fellow terrorists spilt blood in. It is not only ethically nonsensi cal to pay American money for these terrorists to have American rights it is unconstitutional to not face someone a fair trial. sight someone realistically say that a terrorist will receive a fair trial in the country he tried to commit terrorist acts against?What jury of American citizens would find this man innocent? What say will set him free? And even if by some horrible miracle this manslayer is set free- what happens to him? Does he freely notch our streets, or do our citizens spend further more money to fly this man linchpin home so he can go back to plotting against us? Finally these are not universal citizens, let alone even citizens. By no means does a external murderer against our citizens get the luxury of the rights he would have if he were a citizen.As stated by an American General Tommy Franks (source citation) , I dont want a soldier when he kicks down a door in a hut in Afghanistan searching for Osama bin slopped to have to worry about whether when he doe s so and questions the individuals he finds inside who whitethorn or may not be bin Ladens body guards, or even the individual himself- hes got to advise them of their rights before he takes a statement (quoted in Katel 6). If you are intentionally inflicting pain on someone, thence you are torturing them period, (Masci 5) Human Rights leaders declare.But the politically correct opposition fails to memorize the definition of pain. Pain is defined in the dictionary as (source dictionary) the acutely acerb physical discomfort experienced by somebody who is violently struck, injured, or ill. When a linebacker sacks the quarterback in a football game and puts the quarterback out of the game for a little bit with a rolled ankle, did he torture him? Or when children are playing craft ball at school and a child is given a bloody(a) nose, did the child who threw it torture the other child? Absolutely not. My point?Torture is inhumane treatment that causes severe and some measures immu table damage to another human being through psychological threats and physical beatings, not by sleep deprivation. There is a difference between torture and inhumane treatment. Causing someone stress or discomfort is not torture. Terrorists are a serious threat to our nation, citizens, beliefs, and safety. They do not deserve our rights, trials, and should be tortured by means of stress which is considered humane. The United States will not stoop to our enemys level and cruelly and brutally torture our prisoners of war.The time of war is not the time to be politically correct, but the time to take a step back and look at the big picture, the one in which our country has the right to freedom win the war on terror so the world will be a safer place. It is up to us to view as and protect our freedom and safety. These are the facts, and these are the views of opinions from both sides of this fragile issue. Now you know, and it is heavy as American citizens to be aware and aware so we can elite people that will do the right thing in our eyes and defend freedom in the way you see it best.Works Cited Barber, Ben. The POW Predicament. The American Legion. 1Aug. 2002(pg 1). career and Technical Education,ProQuest. Canyon Ridge advanced School Library. 17 Feb. 2010. < http//proquest. umi. com Katel, Peter, and Kenneth Jost. Treatment of Detainees. CQ tec 16 29 (25 Aug 2006) 673-696. (pg6) CQ Researcher Online. 17 Feb. 2010 . Masci, David, and Patrick Marshall. Civil Liberties in Wartime. CQ Researcher 11 43 (14 Dec 2001) 1017-1040. CQ Researcher. 17 Feb. 2010 . Masci, David. Torture. CQ Researcher. 13 15 (18 April 2003) 345-368. (pg 3, 4,5) CQ Researcher. 17 Feb. 2010. http//library. cqpress. com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2003041800